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M4)Protein Synthesis

The flow of information in most organisms is DNA->RNA->Protein

QuestionAnswer
Define amino acid. Organic molecules that are the monomers of proteins.
Define anti-codon. A three base sequence on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to the codon on a mRNA molecule.
Define codon. A three base sequence on a mRNA molecule that codes for a particular protein.
Define RNA polymerase. The enzyme responsible for "zipping apart" the strands of DNA in protein synthesis and copying the template strand to a strand of mRNA.
Define ribosome. An organelle that is the site of protein synthesis.
Define transcription. The stage in protein synthesis wherein a copy of DNA is made my mRNA.
Define translation. The stage in protein synthesis wherein the codon of mRNA codes for an anti-codon of tRNA that carries the amino acid necessary for a polypeptide.
What does DNA do in PS? It contains sequences of triplets that specifies a codon on mRNA.
What does mRNA do in PS? It contains sequences of codons that prescribe an amino acid sequence in a polypeptide chain.
What does tRNA do in PS? Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid and binds to the codon on mRNA.
What do amino acids do in PS? They are the building blocks or monomers of proteins.
What do ribosomes do PS? They act as platforms in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs.
What do mitochondria do in PS? They provide the energy for the process.
What is the difference between transcription and translation? Transcription occurs in the nucleus and is where DNA codes for mRNA. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm and is where mRNA is translated into protein.
What is the difference between a codon and an anti-codon? A codon is on mRNA and codes for one amino acid. An anti-codon is on tRNA and binds to the codon on mRNA and brings a specific amino acid into position.
Created by: MahaliaMcD
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