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M2) Chromosomes

The structural unit of information in the cell is the chromosome

QuestionAnswer
Define chromatid. Two identical structures which are formed as a result of DNA replication. They are separated during anaphase when a cell divides.
Define chromatin. The granular material that is found in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.
Define karyotype. The complete collection of chromosomes in a particular organism.
Define genes. A particular section of DNA in a particular chromosome of an organism which carries the information necessary to make a particular protein molecule.
Define chromosome. Structures consisting of DNA and proteins (histone) that carry genetic information from one generation to the next.
Define locus. The position of a particular gene on a particular chromosome.
Where are chromosomes found in eukaryotes? Nucleus
How may chromosomes do tissue (somatic) cells have? 46 each
Approximately how many genes do humans have? 100,000
Why are chromosomes not visible in non-dividing cells? The DNA is in its uncoiled state, called chromatin.
What does it mean to say that a gene is linked to a chromosome? The specific gene sequence of DNA is located on only that particular chromosome.
Why do different species have different numbers and types of chromosomes? An organism's features are an expression of their DNA. Different species are characterized by a unique DNA sequence. Each species therefore has its own number and type of chromosome carrying the genes to define that species.
Created by: MahaliaMcD
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