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Anatomy/Physiology I
Introduction to the Human Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | keeping the organs systems of the body in balance |
| Surface Anatomy | the study of form and markings of the body surface |
| Gross Anatomy a.systemic b.regional | the study of anatomical structures visible to unaided eye a. study of all the blood vessels, or all of the muscles, or all of the bones...at once b. anatomical structures of a specific region, the thorax, or the Head and Neck |
| Histology | the study of tissue |
| Cytology | study of individual cellular structures |
| Pathology | study of anatomical changes due to disease |
| Levels of Organization | Chemical(atomic, molecular)-Cellular-Tissue-Organ-System-Organism |
| Cells | basic structural and functional units of an organism |
| Tissues | groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function |
| 4 Basic Types of Tissue | Epithelium-Muscle-Connective Tissue-Nerves |
| Organs | structures composed of two or more different types of tissue have specific functions and recognizable shapes |
| 6 Important Life Processes | Metabolism-Responsiveness-Movement-Growth-Differentiation-Reproductive |
| Catabolic | breaking down |
| Anabolic | building up |
| Responsiveness | the body's ability to detect and respond to changes which might represent an opportunity or threat |
| Movement | any motion, including movement of tiny subcellular structures, or movement inside cells or organs |
| Growth | invilves an increase in body size due to an increase in existing cells, number or cells, or both |
| Differentiation | the development of a cell from an unspecialized to specialized state |
| Reproduction | the formation of new cells or the production of a new individual |
| Equilibrium | balance, the dynamic condition meant to keep body functions in the narrow range compatible with maintaining life |
| Body Fluids | dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or outside of the cell |
| Intracellular Fluid (IFC) | fluid within cell |
| Extracellular Fluid (EFC) | fluid outside cells |
| Interstitial Fluid | ECF between cells and tissues |
| Blood Plasma | ECF within blood vessels |
| Lymph | ECF within lymphatic vessels |
| Synovial Fluid | ECF within joints |
| Aqueous Humor | ECF in eyes |
| 3 Basic Components to Feedback System | Receptor-Control Center-Effector |
| Receptor | body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition (such as body temperature) and sends input to the control center |
| Negative Feedback System | reverses a change in a controlled condition |
| Positive Feedback System | strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions |
| Medial | towards the middle |
| Lateral | away from the midline |
| Intermediate | between medial and lateral |
| Ipsilateral | same side of the body |
| Contralateral | opposite side of the body |
| Sagittal | midline |
| Transverse | horizontal |
| Frontal | coronal |
| Midsagittal | divides the body into two equal mirror-image halves |
| Parasagittal | to the right and left of the midsagittal that divide the body into unequal 'halves' |
| Visceral | pertaining to a covering over an organ |
| Parietal | pertaining to a covering against a cavity wall |
| Frontal/Coronal Planes | divide the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions |
| Transverse Planes | divide the body into superior and inferior portions |
| Oblique Planes | pass through the body or organ at an angle |
Created by:
kcarlton2
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