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Biological Diversity
Topics 1-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the six kingdoms of living things | Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, Archaea |
| Define the term: biological diversity | The degree of variation of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. It is a measure of the health of ecosystems.1.7 million known species on earth.Differing&interdependent roles to play. |
| What are the terms used in the hierarchical classification of living things | Kingdom Phyllum Class Order Family Genus Species |
| What is a “species”? | A species when defined using a biological definition is a group of individuals that are able to breed with each other to produce viable or fertile offspring under natural conditions |
| Distinguish living and non living parts of an ecosytem | Biotic organisms can store and transmit molecular information via DNA. Conversion of energy, reproduce.Abiotic is non living, such as rocks and soil, sand. |
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another. |
| What is the second law of thermodynamics? | When energy is converted from one form to another, some of it in degraded into heat, a less usable form of energy |
| Difference between a population and a community | A population is a group of individuals of the same species occupying the same place at the same time. A community is a collection of populations that live and interact at the same place at the same time. |
| Define genetic diversity | The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species or population. That is, the possible allele combinations, traits and variability, the higher the alleles in a population the more likely that population will be able to adapt. |
| Define the term: ecosystem | An ecosystem could be considered to be a series of interactions between the biotic organisms and between those organisms an the abiotic environment. A community and its physical environment. |
| Define the term biosphere | Global sum of all ecosystems; atmosphere, oceans, land surface that contain all living things. |
| Define the term atmosphere | The gaseous envelope surrounding the earth, consists of 4 layers; Tropospere, Stratosphere-ozone layer, mesosphere and thermosphere |
| Define the term hydrosphere | The earths supply of water, frozen, liquid, fresh and salty, ground water and surface water. |
| Define the term lithosphere | Soil and rock of the earths crust |
| What is species richness? | The number of species in a community, leads to questions of species diversity. Species richness is usually greater at the margins of adjacent communities, this is the ecotone. |
| List five Australian species which appear on the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna) list | Tasmanian Tiger, Tasmanian bettong, Northern Rosella,Mitchell's goanna, Hairy nosed wombat, greater bilby |
| What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy? | Energy that exists as stored energy is potential energy, whereas the energy of motion is called kinetic energy. |
| What is the role of an autotroph? | Also called a producer, auto (self)troph (nourishment) are plants, and most perform photosynthesis and manufacture organic molecules from CO2 and water. bacteria and algae are producers in the water. |
| What is another name for heterotrophs? | Consumers |
| Define the trophic level of a consumer | Animals that consume other living organisms as food/energy. Also called hetertrophs, there are primary consumers that consume plant material and secondary and tertiary consumers that consume other animals, or detritus feeders. |
| What do tertiary consumers eat? | Secondary consumers, they are the carnivores that eat the flesh of other animals. |
| What is the difference between secondary consumers and tertiary consumers? | Secondary consumers are animals that eat primary consumers, whereas tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers, eg. Rabbit is eaten by a snake and snake is eaten by a hawk. |
| What is the difference between a food web and a food chain? | A food web is a series of interlocking food chains, a food chain is a linear flow of energy from one organism to another, ie. who eats who. |
| Define the term trophic level | An organisms position in a food chain, which is determined by its feeding relationships. |
| What is a detrivore? Give examples | Crabs, Snails, clams and worms are organisms which feed on decomposing organic material, such as plants, animal carcasses, feces and leaf litter. |
| What is the difference between a detrivore and a saprotroph? | Detrivores feed on decomposing organic material. Saprotrophs or decomposers are heterotrophs that consume dead organic matter and break it down into parts that they can use as energy and that can be used by producers. |
| Explain what consumers (heterotrophs) are | Heter means different, troph nourishment, other bodies of organisms are used as food (energy). |
| What is chemosynthesis? | A process undertaken by some bacteria living in dark hydrothermal vents that reacts hydrogen sulfide with oxygen and produces water or sulfur or sulfate which can be used as energy |
| Define Photosynthesis | A Process that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy (stored in the bonds of large molecules such as glucose). |
| Define Cellular Respiration | A process that converts the chemical energy (found in the bonds of large food molecules such as glucose) into energy which is available to the cells of organisms for growth, maintenance, movement and reproduction. |
| What are ecological pyramids used to represent? | To graphically represent the relative energy values at each tropic level. |
| Explain what an ecological pyramid of numbers shows | Number of organisms at each tropic level. Mostly the bottom of the food chain is the most abundant. |
| What is biomass? | A quantative estimate of the total mass or amount of living material at a particular time, the total volume. |
| What does a biomass pyramid show? | The amount of living material at each tropic level, it might be used to show how much vegetation is required to support a top order predator for example, despite the fact the the predators do not directly consume vegetation. |
| What does a pyramid of energy show? | The total amount of energy at a particular trophic level, usually expressed in kilocalories per sq meter, per year, of the biomass at the particular tropic level. |
| What is net primary productivity. | Its the energy left (excess biomass) in plant cells after cell respiration has occurred.It represents the rate at which this organic matter is actually incorporated into the plant tissues for growth. |
| Significance of Net primary productivity | It is an indication of the energy available to consumers, humans currently consume about 40% of the total terrestrial NPP. Areas with the highest NPP also have the greatest diversity, and therefore should be preserved. |
| How is energy lost as it moves through the food chain? | The 2nd law of thermodynamtics, when energy is converted into another form, some of it is converted into heat, which is a less usable form of energy. |
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TLC1819
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