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Rutter Anatomy Final
Final Exam Multiple Choice Words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adventitia | The outermost connective tissue of any organ, vessel, or other structure. |
| Alkalosis | Condition reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma- Occurs when the pH of the blood exceeds 7.45. |
| Aneurism | A blood filled bulge in the wall of a blood vessel. |
| Anion | An ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a negative charge. |
| Anoxia | A total decrease in the level of oxygen |
| Acidosis | An increased acidity in the blood and other body tissue, it usually refers to the acidity of the blood plasma. |
| Angina | a chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood, thus a lack of oxygen supply and waste removal) of the heart muscle, generally due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries. |
| Aorta | The largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen. |
| Apnea | Suspension of external breathing. During apnea there is no movement of the muscles of respiration and the volume of the lungs initially remains unchanged. |
| Asthma | the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. |
| Atherosclerosis | Condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials. |
| Arteriosclerosis | A stiffening of the arteries. |
| Belly | The main portion of the muscle. |
| Bicuspid | Transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. |
| Bladder | The organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination. |
| Bronchi | A passage airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. They branch into smaller tubes, which in turn become bronchioles. No gas exchange takes place in this part of the lungs. |
| Bulbourethral gland | Also called the Cowper’s gland, is one of two small exocrine glands present in the reproductive system of the human male. Produce a secretion known as pre-ejaculate. |
| Capillaries | the smallest of a body’s blood vessels. |
| Calyces | surrounds the apex of the renal pyramids in the kidney. |
| Capsule | Sacs in the body. |
| Coronary | (Coronary) The circulation of blood in the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium are known as coronary arteries. |
| Cortex | The outermost or superficial layer of an organ. |
| Cystic | (Cyst) A closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared to the nearby tissue. |
| Cation | An ion with fewer electrons that protons, giving it a positive charge. |
| Diaphragm | A sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage. It separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration. |
| Dyspnea | A normal symptom of heavy exertion but becomes pathological if it occurs in unexpected situations- Breathlessness. |
| EKG | (Electrocardiography) A test that records the electrical activity of the heart. |
| Electrolyte | Any substance containing free ions that make the substance electrically conductive. |
| Endocardium | The innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. |
| Epicardium | The outermost layer of tissue around the heart. |
| Epididymis | A narrow, tightly coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens. |
| Eupnoea | Normal, good, unlabored ventilation. |
| Extensors | Muscles that result in the straightening of bones or body surface involved. |
| Fibrillation | The rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers, an important occurrence is with regard to the heart. |
| Flexor | Muscles that result in the joint angle decreasing. |
| Glomerulus | A network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering blood. |
| Glottis | The combination of the vocal folds (vocal cords) and the space in between the folds. |
| Hematuria | The presence of red blood cells in the urine. |
| Hemorrhoids | Vascular structures in the anal canal which help with stool control. |
| Hepatic | (Hepatic Artery) in the liver carries blood from the aorta. |
| Hilum | A depression or fissure where structures such as blood vessels and nerves enter an organ. |
| Hypertension | (High blood pressure) a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated, it requires the heart to work harder than normal to circulate blood through the blood vessels. |
| Hypoxia | A condition in which the body as a whole or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. |
| Insertion | A point at which a muscle attaches to a bone. End attachment (distal). |
| Lactic acid | Constantly produced in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. |
| Larynx | (voice box) an organ in the neck involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. |
| Ligament | The fibrous tissue that connects bones to bones. |
| Loop of Henle | The portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule, its main function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney. |
| Masseter | The major cheek muscle involved with the adduction and lateral motion of the jaw. |
| Micturition | The ejaculation of urine from the bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. |
| Mitral | (valve) a dual-flap valve in the heart that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle, control the flow of blood in the heart. |
| Myology | The study of muscles. |
| Nephron | The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It regulates the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. |
| Oliguria | A condition where there is a low output of urine. |
| Orifices | Any opening in the body. |
| Origin | (muscles) where the muscle is anchored, or starts. |
| Osmotic | (motion) the net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration. |
| Ovaries | An ovum-producing reproductive organ, they are endocrine glands. |
| Pelvis | connects the base of the spine to the rear limbs. |
| Peristalsis | A symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles that move in a wave down the muscular tube. The smooth muscles in the digestive system move like this. |
| Pericardium | A double-walled sac containing the heart. |
| Pulse | Represents the tactical arterial palpation of the heartbeat. |
| Pulmonary | (artery) Pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. |
| Pulse deficit | When the heartbeat is irregular. |
| Pyramids | (kidney) empty urine into the minor calyx. |
| Quadriceps | Latin for “four-headed muscle of the femur” it is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the knee (Extensor of the knee) |
| Rales | The clicking, rattling, or crackling noises that may be made by lungs with a respiratory disease during inhalation. |
| Rheumatic heart disease | Characterized by repeated inflammation with fibrous resolution, the thickening of the heart muscles. |
| Rigor mortis | one of the recognizable signs of death that is caused by a chemical change in the muscles after death, causing the limbs of the corpse to become stiff and difficult to move or manipulate. |
| Sarcolemma | The cell membrane of a muscle call, it consists of a true call membrane, called the plasma membrane, and an outer coat made up of a thin layer of polysaccharide material that contains numerous thin collagen fibrils. |
| Seminal vesicle | A pair of simple tubular glands inferior to the urinary bladder of males. |
| Sphygmomanometer | A device used to measure blood pressure. |
| Tachycardia | A heart rate that exceeds the normal range for a resting heart rate. |
| Tendon | Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. |
| Thrombophlebitis | When a blood clot repeatedly occurs in different locations of the body. |
| Tidal air | The volume of air associated with different phases of the respiratory cycle. (normal breath) |
| Tricuspid | (valve) In the heart on the right dorsal side, between the right atrium and the right ventricle. |
| Ureters | Tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the bladder. |
| Urethra | A tube that connects the bladder to the genitals for the removal of fluids out of the body. |
| Uterus | A major female hormone responsive reproductive sex organ females. |
| Urine | Typically sterile liquid bi-product of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra. |
| Varicose | (varicose veins) Veins that have become enlarged and tortuous, the leaflet valves no longer meet properly, which allows blood to flow backwards and they enlarge. |
| Vas deferens | Transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation. |
| Vestibule | A small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal. |
| Veins | Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. |
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