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bio 131 week 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The first heart sound is associated with what mechanical event of the cardiac cycle? | atrioventricular valve closure |
| Most of the muscle mass of the heart is located in which chamber? | left ventricle (LV) |
| Stoke volume can be calculated using which formula? | end-diastolic volume ? end-systolic volume |
| What is the loose membranous sac that encloses the heart? | pericardium |
| What is an approximate normal resting cardiac output for a healthy adult? | 5000 ml/min |
| The heart's ability to vary stroke volume based solely on changes in end-diastolic volume is based on what mechanism? | Frank-Starling law |
| What is the ability of myocardial tissue to propagate electrical impulses? | conductivity |
| Given a stroke volume of 40 ml and an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 70 ml, what is the patient's ejection fraction (EF)? | 0.57 |
| The mitral (bicuspid) valve does which of the following? | prevents atrial backflow during ventricular contraction |
| What are the major effects of peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation? | vasoconstriction and increased heart rate |
| What circulatory system is referred to as a low-pressure, low-resistance system? | pulmonary vascular bed |
| Considering the negative feedback system for the control of blood pressure, when a blood pressure rise is noted in the arterial receptors, what is the expected response? | decreased inotropic state |
| Which vessels in the body act like faucets, controlling the flow of blood into the capillary beds? | arterioles |
| Why are the vessels of the venous system, particularly the small venules and veins, termed capacitance vessels? | They can alter their capacity to maintain adequate perfusion. |
| In order to function effectively, the central cardiovascular control center must receive signals regarding changes in blood volume or pressure. From where do these signals come? | peripheral baroreceptors |
| Which of the following equations best portrays the factors determining mean arterial blood pressure? | mean arterial pressure = cardiac output - vascular resistance |
| Which of the following represent the normal order of structures encountered by blood flowing from the vena cava to the aorta? | RA, tricuspid valve, RV, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, LA, mitral valve, LV, aortic valve |
| Changes in the rate of cardiac contractions are affected primarily by changes in which of the following? | sympathetic or parasympathetic tone |
| During blood loss due to hemorrhage, perfusing pressures can be kept near normal until the volume loss overwhelms the system. Why is this so? | Venules constrict, decreasing vascular capacity. |
| The semilunar (pulmonary and aortic) valves do which of the following? | prevent arterial backflow during ventricular relaxation |
| The apex of the heart (tip of the left ventricle) lies just above the diaphragm at a level corresponding to which intercostal space? | fifth |
| Toward the end of systole, as repolarization starts (indicated by the T wave), the ventricles begin to relax. Which of the following will occur next? | arterial pressures exceed ventricular pressures |
| Which of the following mechanisms facilitates venous return to the heart? | II.sympathetic venomotor tone III.cardiac suction IV.skeletal muscle contraction |
| What is the primary function of local or intrinsic cardiovascular control mechanisms? | alter local blood flow according to tissue needs |
| What are the first arteries to branch off the ascending aorta? | coronary |
Created by:
jseyfried
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