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biologysolreview1
biologysolreview
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| scientific method step 1 | collect observations |
| scientific method step 2 | ask questions |
| scientific method step 3 | form hypothesis/ make predictions |
| scientific method step 4 | experiment |
| scientific method step 5 | record/ analyze data |
| scientific method step 6 | draw conclusions |
| observations | act of gathering information about a system or environment using one or more of the five senses |
| data | information collected during experiment |
| hypothesis | "educated guess" or predicted solution to a problem |
| variables | factors that change/ can be measured in experiment |
| independent | the variables that you change on purpose |
| dependent | the vaiable that changes as a result of the IV |
| control | a level of IV used as a standard for comparison |
| constants | things that are kept the same in the experiment |
| EDD | experimental design diagram |
| x axis | indepent variable is recorded on this axis |
| y axis | the dependent variable is recorded on this axis |
| direct relationship | as the IV increases the DV increases |
| inverse relationship | as the IV increases the DV decreases |
| water | made up of 2 hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to 1 oxygen atom |
| covalent | bonds that share electrons |
| polar structure | the water molecule has ends with a slightly negative charge and a slightly positive charge |
| hydrogen bond | the attraction between the positive end of one water molecule and the negative end of another water molecule |
| high specific heat | it takes a lot of energy to increase its temperature- helps keep temp. in oceans stable and helps humans keep a normal constant body temperature |
| univerisal greatest solvent | water- because it can dissolve substances to be more easily transported throughout an organism |
| cohesion | water molecules stick together |
| adhesion | water molecules stick to other substances |
| organic | contain the element carbon - carbohydrates are this |
| function of carbohydrates | to store energy |
| monosaccharides | one sugar (glucose) |
| disaccharides | two sugars (sucrose, maltose, lactose) |
| polysaccharides | many sugars (cellulose, starch, glycogen) |
| lipids | non-polar and insoluble in water (ex. fats, oils, waxes) |
| lipids are made up of | three- fatty, acids, and one glycerol molecule |
| function of lipids | store energy |
| function of proteins | control rate of reactions; form bone/ muscle |
| enzymes | help speed up chemical reactions |
| proteins | made up of amino acids joined togather by peptide bonds |
| peptide bonds | 2 amino acids |
| poly peptide | 3 or more amino acids |
| nucleic acids | made up of repeating units called nucleotides |
| nucleotide | consists of a sugar, base, and phosphate group |
| nucelic acids | DNA and RNA |
| DNA | stores genetic information |
| RNA | essential for protein syntheisis |
| enzymes increase | rate of reation by lowering the activation energy |
| enzymes form | temporary enzyme substrate complexes |
| enzymes remain | unaffected by the reaction |
| enzymes don't | change in the reaction and they don't make reactions accur that would otherwise not occur at all |
| What factors control/ influence enzyme activity? | temperature and pH |
| increasingly acidic | 7-0 |
| increasingly basic | 7-14 |
| photosythesis equation | 6CO2+ 6H20 light C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| chloroplast | sights for photosythesis |
| 3 variables that affect the rate of photosythesis | temperature, light, and CO2 |
| cellular respiration equation | C6H1206 + 602 enzymes 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy H20 |
| mitochondria | the organelle which is the site for cellular respiration |
| how are photosythesis and cellular respiration a continuous cycle? | the products of one are the reactants of the other |
| parts of the cell theory 1 | all things are made up of one or more cells |
| parts of the cell theory 2 | cells are the basic unit of structure and function |
| parts of the cell theory 3 | all cells arise from existing cells |
| Hooke | observed 1st cells from cork- coined the term "cell" |
| Leeuwenhoek | observed microscopic cells from pond water |
| Schleiden | studied plant cells |
| Schwann | studied animal cells |
| Virchow | concluded that cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Prokaryotic cells | lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles ex) bacteria |
| Eukaryotic cells | have a true nucleus and organelles ex) plant/ animal |
| nucleus | command center of the cell; DNA located there |
| nucleoulus | small organelle inside the nucleus; helps make ribosomes |
| ribosomes | small organelles in the cytoplasm; makes protein |
| ER | transportation system of the cell |
| golgi apparatus | packaging and shipping center of the cell |
| lysosome | contains digestive enzymes |
| vacuole | storage tank of the cell |
| mitochondrion | power center of the cell (ATP produced here) |
| chloroplast | organelle for photosythesis; contains chlorophyll |
| centriole | asist in cell divisioN |
| cytoplasm | medium inside which organelles are suspended |
| cell membrane | layer (membrane) that surrounds the cell |
| cell wall | composed of cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi |
| plants vs. animal cells, plants have... | cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplast |
Created by:
qesarah
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