Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Microbio III
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| develops rapidly, runs its course quickly | acute |
| ability to mount a defense against particular infectious agents by physiological responses specific to that agent | adaptive immunity |
| side effects of therapy that cause harm to the host, i.e. allergy or aplastic anemia | adverse effects |
| clumping together of the cells when antibodies react with antigens | agglutination |
| substance used to sterilize because of its ability to dissolve lipids & denature proteins | alcohol AKA phenols |
| agents that inhibit or kill bacterial microbes | antibacterial |
| a protein produced in response to an antigen; capable of binding specifically to that antigen | antibody AKA immunentoglobulin |
| agents that inhibit or kill fungi | antifungal |
| substance that the body identifies as foreign and mounts an immune response toward it | antigen AKA immunogen |
| chemical agent that can be safely used externally on tissues to destroy microorganisms or to inhibit their growth | antiseptic |
| agents that inhibit or kill viruses | antiviral |
| antigen presenting cells - cells with MHC II proteins on their surfaces | APC |
| genetically programmed cell death | apoptosis |
| vaccine containing live, weakened or dead organisms or their toxins to which an individual's body makes specific antibodies | artificial active immunity |
| when antibodies made by other hosts are introduced into a new host i.e. mother's milk or shots of gamma globulin | artificial passive immunity |
| some drugs are less effective when used in combination than when used alone | antagonism |
| consist of wax D & mycolic acids which are highly resistant to lysosomal (immunity) defenses of the body | acid fast cell walls |
| instrument for sterilization by means of heat under pressure | autoclave |
| immune disorder in which individuals are hypersensitive to antigens on cells of their own bodies | autoimmune disorder |
| microbes such as bacteria or viruses that manage to dodge a hosts immune system | avoid host defenses |
| lymphocyte produced and matures in bursal-equivalent tissue, it gives rise to antibody-producing plasma cells | B cell |
| agent that kills bacteria | bactericidal |
| agent that inhibits bacteria growth | bacteriostatic |
| when microbes such as bacteria & viruses that penetrate a body's first line of defenses, they | breach anatomical barriers |
| range of activity of an antimicrobial agent that attacks a wide variety of microorganisms | broad-spectrum agent |
| halogenic substance used to disinfect various items; kills bacteria and inactivates many viruses | chlorine |
| develops more slowly than acute and persists for a long, indeterminate period of time | chronic |
| short cellular projections used for movement that beat in coordinated waves | cilia |
| growth of microorganisms on epithelial surfaces such as skin or mucus membrance | colonization |
| 2 antibiotics administered simultaneously in order to exert an additive effect called synergism, sometimes causes antagonism | combinations of drugs |
| 2 or more drugs working together to attack different cell weaknesses | synergism |
| symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits & the host neither benefits nor is harmed by the relationship | commensalism |
| infectious disease that can be spread from one host to another | communicable disease |
| innate, antimicrobial substances in body fluids, i.e. saliva, mucus, gastric juices & iron limitation mechanisms | chemical barriers |
| innate, cells that phagocytize invading microorganisms | cellular barriers |
| 2nd & 3rd LOD: set of more than 20 large regulatory proteins circulating in plasma & activated form a nonspecific defense mechanism against many different microorganisms | complement |
| soluble protein that has a specific role in host defenses | cytokine |
| drug that interferes with DNA synthesis, used to suppress the immune system & prevent rejection of transplants | cytotoxic drug |
| 1st line of defense: peptides in mucus & extracellular fluids are a group of molecules that kill pathogens creating pores in enemy cell membranes | defensins |
| person to person body contact | direct contact |
| method of sterilizing a loop | direct flaming |
| chemical agent used on inanimate objects to destroy microorganisms | disinfectant |
| disease that is constantly present in a specific population | endemic |
| a resistant, dormant structure formed inside some bacteria that can survive adverse conditions, i.e. Bacillus & Clostridium | endospores |
| a disease that has higher than normal incidence in a population over a relatively short period of time | epidemic |
| study of factors & mechanisms involved in the spread of disease within a population; studies distribution & frequency | epidemiology |
| innate form of defense; abnormally high body temp usually in order to kill invading agents or inactivate their toxic products | fever |
| nonliving substance capable of transmitting disease, such as clothing, dishes or paper | fomite |
| # of new cases of a particular disease per 100,000 pop. seen in a specific period of time | incidence |
| in the stages of infectious disease, the time between infectino & the appearance of signs & symptoms | incubation period |
| multiplication of a parasite organism, usually microscopic, within or upon the host's body | infection |
| innate body defense response to tissue damage caused by microbial infection, incl. reddening, swelling & increased temp | inflammation |
| immunity to infection that exists in an organism because of genetically determined characteristics | innate immunity |
| waterproofing protein found in epidermal cells | keratin |
| 1st LOD: protein in saliva, mucus, & milk that binds Fe inhibiting bacterial growth | lactoferrin |
| disease characterized by periods of inactivity either before symptoms appear or between attacks | latent disease |
| excess fluid & plasma proteins lost through capillary walls that is found in the lymphatic capillaries | lymph |
| encapsulated globular structures located along the routes of lymphatic vessels that help clear the lymph of microorganisms | lymph nodes |
| leukocyte (WBC) found in large #s in lymphoid tissue that contributes to SPECIFIC immunity | lymphocyte |
| 1st LOD: enzyme in tears, saliva, & mucus that cleaves covalent linkage between sugars in peptidoglycan; esp. effective against Gram+ | lysozyme |
| 2nd & 3rd LOD: destroy microorganisms & neutrophils that died after ingesting bacteria | macrophages |
| # of persons contracting a specific disease in relation to the total population (cases per 100,000) | morbidity rate |
| # of deaths from a specific disease in relation to the total population | mortality rate |
| 1st LOD: covering of tissues & organs exposed to body exterior & provide protection from injury & infectious agents | mucus membrane |
| form of symbiosis in which 2 organisms of different species live in a relationship that benefits both of them | mutualism |
| agents effective against a small # of organisms or a single taxonomic group | narrow-spectrum |
| Major Histocompatibility Complex- group of cell surface proteins that are essential to immune recognition reactions | MHC |
| innate mechanism using molecules such as interferon & complement to destroy or impede invading microbes | molecular defenses |
| 2nd LOD: polymorphonuclear, guard skin, blood & mucus membranes against infection; phagocytic; respond to tissue injury & infection | neutrophils |
| leukocytes that kill intracellular viruses, secreting cytotoxic proteins that infect & kill foreign cells; can be increased by cytokines & interferons | NK cells |
| microorganisms that live in or on the body but usually do not cause disease | normal microflora |
| alchohols that dissolve lipids & denature proteins so are used as disinfectants | phenolic compounds |
| to ingest and digest foreign particles by means of formation of vacuoles | phagocytize |
| cationic detergents which have 4 organic groups attached to a nitrogen atom (NH4) used to inactivate viruses | quats |
| ULQ; largest lymphatic organ; encapsulated, well supplied w/blood & lymphatic vessels; contains many phagocytes as well as B & T cells | spleen |
| 1st LOD: high salt content inhibits microbial growth | sweat |
| 1st LOD: protein that binds Fe that bacteria need thereby inhibiting bacterial growth | transferrin |
| the ability of a microorganism to remain unharmed by an antimicrobial agent | antimicrobial resistance |
| macrophage, dendritic or B cell that processes antigen fragments & presents peptide fragments from the antigen on its cell surface | antigen presenting cell |
| class of antibody that binds to receptors on basophils; responsible for allergic or immediate hypersensitivity reactions | IgE mediated |
| antigen-antibody complex that is normally eliminated by phagocytic cells | immune complex |
| "self" antigens, all cells except RBC's have them | MHC Class I |
| APC, MHC Class II carrying cell | macrophage |
| protective response of one's immune system to exposure of an infectious disease | naturally acquired active immunity |
| defense against specific disease acquired without the use of man-made products | naturally acquired adaptive immunity |
| when antibodies made by another individual are given to a host without man-made products, i.e. mother's milk | naturally acquired passive immunity |
| produced by general defenses, such as skin, lysozyme & complement, that protect against many different kinds of organisms (not just 1 or 2) | nonspecific immunity |
| an infection acquired in a hospital or medical facility | nosocomial infection |
| species of resident or transient microbiota that doesn't normally cause disease, but can do so under certain conditions | opportunistic pathogen |
| microorganisms are covered by antibodies rendering them more attractive to phagocytes & complement protein | opsonization |
| epidemic that has become worldwide | pandemic |
| relationship where one organism benefits & the other suffers | parasitism |
| organism capable of causing disease in its host | pathogen |
| mild heating to destroy pathogens & organisms that cause spoilage | pasteurization |
| site where microorganisms can gain access to body tissues: eyes, nose, mouth, broken skin, anus, urinary, vagina | portal of entry |
| # of people infected with a particular disease at any one time | prevalance |
| a genetic or developmental defect in which T or B cells are lacking or nonfunctional | primary immunodeficiency disease |
| site where microorganisms can persist & maintain their ability to infect | reservoir |
| result of damage to T or B cells after they developed normally | secondary immunodeficiency disease |
| ability of an antimicrobial agent to harm microbes without causing significant damage to the host | selective toxicity |
| ability of the immune system to mount a unique immune response to each antigen it encounters | specificity |
| the range of different microbes against which an antimicrobial agent is effective | spectrum of activity |
| 2 different kinds of organisms living together | symbiosis |
| CD4 | TH cell |
| CD8 | TC cell |
| structure or physiological characteristic that helps a pathogen cause infection or disease | virulent factor |
| degree of intensity of the disease produced by a pathogen | virulence |
| a cell actively metabolizing nutrients | vegetative cell |
| thriving populations of microflora compete with pathogenic organisms combating their growth | microbial antagonism |
Created by:
MKC
Popular Biology sets