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ND 8th Science Final
Vocab and stuff for the ND 8th Grade Science Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of the ocean (geology, marine biology, meteorology, chemistry, botany) | oceanography |
| term used to refer to all oceans as a single body of water | world ocean |
| 4 major oceans | Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic |
| largest and deepest ocean, holds 1/2 of all ocean water | Pacific |
| 2nd largest ocean overall in size | Atlantic |
| 3rd largest ocean in size, but deeper than Atlantic | Indian |
| 1/20 the size of the Pacific, parts frozen all year long | Arctic |
| a smaller subdivision of ocean | sea |
| underwater areas that border the continents | continental margin |
| the gentle sloping part of the margins, .1 m dropoff for every 100 m, oil and natural gas, a lot of sea life and plants | continental shelf |
| dramatic dropoff of the margin 70 m/1 km | continental slope |
| caused by sediments that slide down slope | turbidity current |
| V shaped valleys cut into slope | submarine canyon |
| pile of sediments at the base of the slope | continental rise |
| deep depression that holds all the planet's ocean water | ocean basin |
| flat part of the ocean floor | abyssal plain |
| underwater volcanoes | seamounts |
| manganese, iron, nickel, copper | Mn nodules |
| rock like structures in warm, shallow, ocean water, formed from collection of skeletons of coral animal | coral reef |
| 3 types of coral reefs | fringing, barrier, atoll |
| most common coral reef, formed around an island or attached to the coast (Florida Keys) | fringing |
| separated from main land by body of water (Great Barrier Reef) | barrier |
| ring shaped reef that forms on the crater of a volcano | atoll |
| most caused by wind | waves |
| a wave that breaks at the shore | breakers |
| waves break in deep water due to strong winds | white caps |
| manmade/naturally occurring deposit of sand that runs parallel to the shore, forms when waves steal sand off beach (naturally) | sandbar |
| the current that moves close to the shoreline | longshore current |
| rock wall that is built to trap sand from the longshore current | jetties |
| formed when a break occurs in the sandbar creating water channeling back to ocean | rip current |
| partially blocking of bay mouth from sand buildup | spit |
| complete blocking of bay mouth sealing it off from ocean | baymouth bar |
| islands get connected by sand deposits | tombolos |
| the boundary between the land and sea, most changing area on the planet | shoreline |
| a deposit of rocky material next to the ocean (sand, pebbles, rocks) the size of the sediment is determined by age | beach |
| older wide beaches with fine sand, the farther south, the finer the sand | East Coast |
| narrow, young beaches, pebbles and rock | West Coast |
| determined by source of sediments | color |
| obsidian (lava flow) | black |
| granite | tan |
| skeletons | white |
| shells | pink |
| shrimp like organisms, potential food source for humans | krill |
| the process of removing salt from water | desalination |
| contains sulfur, phosphorus, and tin, deposits of heavy minerals | placers |
| 1900- used echo location to measure depth, map ocean floor (for WWI) | German - Meteor |
| 1934- travel 1 km deep in ocean, saw first bioluminescent fish | Beebe and Barton |
| 1768-1778- first to scientifically study the ocean | James Cook |
| 1872- took ocean samples and measurement ocean depth, minerals | HMS Challenger (Murray, Wyville) |
| a special device used to collect and measure sea water samples | Mansen Bottle |
| Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (up to 100m deep, 600m w/ pressure suit) created by Jacques Costeau | SCUBA |
| diving machine with laboratory equipment | Bathyscaph (Alvin) |
| harshest place, from the high tide line to the low tide line (crabs, minnows, clams) | shore zone |
| very stable conditions, from the low tide line to the edge of the shelf, lots of nekton, plants, plankton | neretic zone |
| (open ocean) area past the continential shelf | oceanic zone |
| drifters | plankton |
| plant plankton, eat by photosynthesis | phytoplankton |
| animal like plankton, feed on phytoplankton | zooplankton |
| living things that swim (sharks) | nekton |
| bottom dwellers, plants or animals that live on the ocean floor (starfish, crabs) | benthos |
| long narrow openings on the ocean floor, the deepest part of the ocean | trench |
| the distance between the top part of a wave and the bottom | waveheight |
| the distance from crest to crest, or trough to trough | wavelength |
| huge ocean waves caused by earthquakes | tsunami |
| cold ocean water with nutrients is brought to the surface | upwelling |
| rising and falling of water due to gravity | tides |
| chemical made by some fish, light without heat | luciferin |
| extreme high and low tides, twice a month | spring tide |
| little difference between the high and low tides, twice a month | neap tide |
| the amount of dissolved salt in a sample of water | salinity |
| top 200 m (plankton, nekton, sharks) | light region (sunlight zone) |
| 200-2000 m (octopi, sharks) | bathyl region (twilight zone) |
| 2000 m to ocean floor, very harsh conditions, dark and cold, many fish here are biolunenescent | deep zone |
Created by:
hunoni
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