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507 assessment integ
Integumentary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epidermis | restricts water loss, is AVASCULAR |
| dermis | VASCULAR, sensory/ ANS fibers |
| hypodermis | subcutaneous, insulation/shock absorber. less SQ will give pink clear skin like pediatrics |
| apocrine sweat glands begin to function at 3 months | less oily, with no offensive odor |
| sebaceous glands can cause | seborrheic dermatitis |
| apocrine glands at puberty | enlarge, become active---increased axillary sweating---onset of body odor |
| sebaceous glands at puberty | increase sebum in response to hormones, primarily androgen---skin appears oily---acne prone |
| assess skin bwo | color---odor---lesions (primary/secondary)---indications of abuse |
| assess nails bwo | color---length/condition---ridges/depressions---nail bed angle/clubbing >180 degrees |
| causes of clubbing | most common lung ca---CV---cirrhosis---Grave's (hyperthyroid) |
| palpate skin to determine | temp (inc/dec disease states)---moisture (most on soles, palms, intertriginous areas)---texture---turgor (indicates hydration status bwo tenting) |
| capillary refill normal | <3 seconds |
| Examples of primary lesions | macule---patch---papule---plaque---nodule---pustule---vesicle---bulla---wheal |
| examples of secondary lesions | scale---crust---erosion---ulcers---fissures---excoriation---scar---atrophic scare---lichenification---keloid |
| example of atrophy | scar |
| how do we describe lesions | size---shape---color---texture---exudate---tenderness---surface relationship (raised/flat/depressed)---blanchin/pulsation---pattern/configuration/distribution |
| how do we describe pattern configuration of lesions (page 240) | round/oval---discrete---grouped---confuluent---linear---annular/circular---arciform---iris---reticular---gyrate---polycyclic--- |
| how do we describe the distribution of skin lesions (page 243) | diffuse/generalized---scattered---localized---regional---torso---extensor/flexor surfaces---dermatome---interiginous (folds)---sun exposed areas |
| see power point for visuals --- macule | flat, circumscribed <1 cm |
| patch (large macule) | flat, irregular > 1 cm |
| papule (solid, elevation of skin, no visible fluid) | elevated, firm, curcumscribed < 1 cm |
| plaque (broad raised area on skin) | elevated, firm, rough, flat top > 1 cm |
| nodule (slightly elevated lesion, larger than papules) | elevated, solid > 0.5 cm . . .deeper than paule |
| pustule (small elevation containing purulent material) | filled with pus |
| vesicle (small fluid filled blister) | superficial, filled with serous fluid, circumscribed < 1.0 cm |
| bulla (fluid-filled blister) | >5 cm otherwise same as vesicle |
| wheat (raised, pruritic) | elevated, irregular borders, edematous |
| secondary lesion - ulcer - big one to know, only takes 20 minutes of pressure to start process | characterized by loss of epidermis or dermis---concave---size varies |
| 2 types of ulcers | decubiti---stasis ulcers |
| 2- excoriation | superficial loss/abrasion |
| 2- fissure (chapped hands, athlete's foot) | linear break in skin with defined border |
| 2- erosion (abrasion, fragile skin, candidiasis) | superficial loss of epidermis |
| lichenification (contact dermatitis, eczema) | thickening & scaling |
| keloid (excess collagen) | hypertrophic scarring |
| scar | replacement CT formation |
| atrophy (arterial insufficiency, topical corticosteroids) | thinning of skin, transparent |
| types of vascular lesions - 6 (pg. 231) | echhymosis---petechia/purpura---venous star---telangiectasis---spider angioma---cherry angioma |
| purpuric lesions include ecchymosis---petechiae/purpura characteristics | non-blanchable---variable size ---bwo vascular wall destruction (trauma, vasculitis) |
| petechia vs. purpura | both non-blanchable intravascular defects. -----petechiae < 0.5cm----purpura > 0.5cm |
| ABCD signs of melanoma | asymmetry---border irregularity---color changes/varigations---diameter > 5mm |
| child-related skin lesions | mongolian dark spots---port-wine spots---hemangiomas---milia (white spots) |
| older adult skin lesions | senile lentigines (falt, brown macules)----seborrheic keratosis (dark, wart-like)---acatinic karatosis (red, scaly, pre-malignant)---skin tags |
| expected findings | skin normal color/turgor---warm/dry---no open wounds/lesions---hair/scalp without lesions/infestations---nail beds pink/smooth/160 degree base angle---nail folds without redenss/induration---capillary refill < 3 seconds |
Created by:
lorrelaws
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