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Science final examio
Final exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Topographic Map shows what | topographic maps characterize and show areas of the Earth's shape by displaying contour lines and symbols. |
| 3 types of landforms | Mountain, hill and plateau |
| Rocky mountains- high or low, relief and elevation- | Both high relief and high elevation |
| Contour interval | the interval between contour lines on a map, or the altitude the interval represents |
| Streak | a long thin stripe or band that is a different color from its background or surroundings |
| gemstone | a mineral or stone suitable for use in jewelry after cutting and polishing |
| crystal | a solid containing an internal pattern of atoms, molecules, or ions that is regular, repeated, and geometrically arranged |
| alloy | a substance that is a mixture of two or more metals, or of a metal with a nonmetallic material |
| cleavage | the splitting of minerals or rocks along natural planes of weakness determined by their internal crystal lattice. |
| Compound | a substance formed by the chemical combination of elements in fixed proportions |
| Size of crystals | magma cooling fast or slow |
| Hardest mineral | diamond |
| the 5 characteristics a substance mush have to be a mineral | Naturally occurring, solid,forms by inorganic processes, crystal structure, definite chemical composition |
| Igneous rocks | rocks formed under conditions of intense heat or produced by solidification of volcanic magma on or below the earth's surface |
| Most abundant intrusive rock | granite |
| Geologist describe rock's texture | coarse or fine grained |
| Metamorphic rock | relating to or involving a change in physical form appearence or character |
| Rock cycle | the phases a rock goes through |
| Order of Earth's layer | inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust |
| Alfred Wegner's hupothesis of continental drift | There was once a super contitnent called pangea |
| Subduction | to be carried under the edge of an adjoining continental or oceanic plate causing tension int he Earth's crust that can produce earthquakes or volcanic eruptions |
| Theory of Plate tectonics | The continents are always moving |
| Where do you find most mid-ocean ridges | in the Pacific Ocean |
| P wave | a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground |
| S wave | a type of seismic wave in which the shaking is perpendicular to the direction of the wave |
| Seismograph | an instrument that detects the presence of an earthquake and measures and records its magnitude |
| stress | a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
| Where do volcanic belts form | Arund earth's boundarys |
| Viscosity of magma depends on what 2 things | Temperature and pressure |
| Cinder cone volcano | material that build aroung the vent in a steep cone shaped hill or small mountain |
| Compsoite volcano | are tall cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layer of ash |
| Shield volcanos | such lava flows slowly build a wide gently sloping mountain |
| Lava plateaus | The thin runny lava floods the area and travels far before cooling and solidifying, after millions of years repeated floods of lava can form high level plateaus |
| Active volcano | can erupt at any time |
| extinct | never will erupt again |
| dormant volcano | sleeping but can become active |
| concentration | the removal of water from something usually a liquid to make it thicker or stronger |
| potential energy | the energy that a body or system has stored because of its position in a electrical magnetic or gravitational field, or because of its configuration |
| kinetic energy | the energy that a body or systen has becaus of its motion |
| hardness | the test to tell you how hard a rock is |
| ph scale | measures how acidic or basic a substance is |
| Steps in water treatment | screening,pumping,and aerating |
| Salinity of water | how much salt is in the water |
| What happens to temperature as you descend through the water column | it gets colder and colder |
| wavelength | in physics the distance between two points on adjacent waves that have the same phase |
| trough | narrow channel, gully, or gutter in which liquid passes especially one under the eaves of a roof for catching rainwater |
| neap tide | , a tide that shows the least range between high and low and occurs twice a month between the first and third quarters of the moon |
| spring tide | a tide that occurs near the time of the new moon and full moon and has a greater than adverage ranger |
| longshore drift | the gradual movement of material along a coast caused by the action of waves having a component of motion parallel to the coaste |
| size of wave is affected by 3 thing | wind,tempurature,and moon cycle |
| Wave near shore | when a wave gets o shore it reseeds and then comes back bigger |
| What need for algae to grow in thee ocean water | shallow water and a lot of sun |
| Trench | a long narrow valley on an ocean or seafloor |
| Benthos | the animals and plants that live on or in the sediment at the bottom of a sea, lake, or deep river |
| Nekton | An orgamism such as a fish that lives in water and can actively swim against currents as opposed to microorganisms that are simply carried along |
| Intertidal zone | occurring within or forming the area between the high and low tide levels in a coastal zone |
| Hydrothermanl vent | small hill like object that shoot out super hot gasses located at the bottom of the ocean nearing a volcanoe |
| kelp forests grow | deep under the wate and grow up towards the sun. |
| Characteristics of twilight and midnight zone | the twilight zone has little light but the midnight zone has no light at all. |
| fluorescence | the emission of electromanetic radiation especially light by an object or substance exposed to radiation or bombarding particles |
| bioluminescence | the generaltion and emission of light by organisms such as fireflies some bacteria and fungi and many animals that live in the ocean |
| chemiluminescence | emission of light as a result of a chemical reaction without producing heat |
| Order of planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupitor, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto |
| CORE | The central or most important part of the sun |
| Radiation zone | energy emitted from a source in the form of rays or waves |
| convection zone | a layer of a star across which energy is transported outward mainly by convection currents |
| Sunspot | any of the relatively cool dark patches that appear in cycles on the Sun's surface into interplanetary space |
| Solar flares | a brief sudden eruption of high energy hydrogen gas from the surface of the sun associated with sunspots |
| solar winds | the flow of high-speed ionized particles from the Sun's surface into interplanetary space |
| meteors | a mass of rock from space that burns up after entering Earth's atmosphere |
| Meteoroids | a mass of rock in space often a remnant of a comet that becomes a meteor when it enters the Earth's atmosphere and a meteorite when it falls to Earth |
| Meteorites | a piece of rock that has reached Earth from outer space |
| Comet | an astronomical object that is composed of a mass of ice and dust and has a long luminous tail produce by vaporization when its orbit passes clise to the sun. |
| Stars are made of what | and array of different gasses |
| Spiral galaxy | a galaxy consisting of an older central nucleus of stars from which extend two spiral arms of gas dust and newer stars |
| Barrel spiral galaxies | close to a spiral but this one has a ling line through it |
| Elliptical galaxy | a galaxy with an overall elliptical or spherical shape and no arms or internal structure |
| Irregular galaxy | a galaxy that has none of the same characteristics of other galaxies |
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