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Glaciers & Coastal
glacial n coastal modifications to terrain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Highland icefields? | huge mountainous glaciers covering the high terrain |
| nunataks | land protruding from mountainous glacier sheets |
| valley glaciers | glaciers "tounges" that travel down to the valleys from the mountains |
| alpine glaciers | glaciers that develop individually in the mountains rather than part of a broad icesheet |
| cirque glaciers | glacier confined to the individual basin that it developed in |
| continental ice sheets | glaciers of non mountainous origin |
| perglacial zone | beyond the glacier never touched by ice but where influence was still felt |
| accumulation | addition of ice to a glacier by incorporation of snow |
| ablation | wastage of glacial ice due to melting and sublimation |
| neve or firn | material formed by packed snow that is about half the density of water |
| accumulation zone | upper portion of glacier where accumulation is morer than the ablation |
| ablation zone | lower portion of glacier where ablation is more that accumulation |
| equilibrium line | theoretical zone where accumulation and ablation is perfectly equal |
| glacial plucking | glacial erosion where rock and land particles under a glacial are plucked out and dragged along as the glacier moves |
| glacial abrasion | land is worn down by rock debris dragging along the floor |
| glacial flour | finely ground rock material |
| moulins | deep drainage shafts in glaciers |
| drift | general term for material moved by a glacier |
| till | rock debris directly deposited by a glacier with no meltwater repositioning |
| glacial erratics | enormous fragments like boulders left by glaciers that are different form local bedrock |
| glaciofluvial deposition | glacial deposition redeposited by meltwater |
| rouch moutonnee | round and smooth characteristic made by glaciers moveing over a hill |
| stoss side | side of mountain facing the direction where glacier came from |
| lee side | side of mountain facing away from the direction that the glacier came from |
| moraine | glacier deposited landform mostly made of till |
| termnial moraine | ridge of till that marks the outermost limit of glacial advance |
| recessional moraine | ridges that mark where glaciers were temporarily stablized dusring its final retreat |
| ground moraine | when large quantities of till are laid downfrom underneath the glacier rather than the edges |
| drumlin | hill smaller than a moraine that is parallel with movement of glacier |
| tarn | depression from cirque that holds water |
| arete | narrow jagged serrated spine of rock left by eroded side of a cirque |
| horn | steep sided pyramid shaped mountain peak formed by quarrying of the headwalls where three or more cirques intersect |
| paternoster lakes | shallow depressions that hold water along benches of glacial steps |
| lateral moraines | large ridges along side of the glacier comnposed of unsorted debris |
| periglacial enviroment | 20% of worlds land is periglacial and affected by glacial enviroment |
| patterned ground | repeated patterns over large areas in the arctic |
| swells | waves that escape the influence of generating wind |
| waves of oscillation | waves that moveback and forth in the same place with little forward movement |
| wavelength | horizontal distance from wavecrest to eavecrest or trough to trough |
| swash | breaking wave rushing towards shore |
| wave refraction | change of wave direction as it approaches shore |
| tsunami | seismic sea waves caused by disruption along ocean floor. vertical displacement caused by reverse faulting |
| eustatuc sea level change | sea level change from rise or fall of landmass/ rise or fall of amount of ocean water |
| longshore currents | when water moves roughly parallel to the shore |
| beach drifitng | zig zag movement of sediment that results in downwind displacement parallel to the coast |
| sediment budget | for balance the removal of sand equals the addition ofsand |
| beach | exposed body of deposit of loose sediment adjacent to a body of water |
| groin | short wall or damn built to impede longshore current and force sand deposition on the upcurrent side of the structure |
| jetties | built in pairs of either side of a river or harbor entrance to confine flow of water to a narrow zone to keep sand in motion |
| ria shoreline | coastline with numerous estuaries |
| fjords | deep shearwalled coastal indentations |
| marine terrace | raised wavecut platform |
| fringing reefs | reef built right onto a volcano |
| barrier reef | ring of coral that seems to float but is attached to a sinking mountain |
| atoll | reef surrounding a landless lagoon from sinking volcano |
Created by:
nicoruiz
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