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Stack #94130

A&P II Metabolism 2 of 2

QuestionAnswer
avitaminosis A condition caused by the inadequate intake of one or more essential vitamins.
lipolysis The catabolism of lipids as a source of energy.
Krebs cycle The aerobic reaction sequence that occurs in the matrix of mitochondria; organic molecules are broken down, CO2 molecules released, H+ molecules are transferred to coenzymes that deliver them to the elctron transport system. AKA: citric acid cycle/TCA cyc
coenzymes Complex organic cofactors; most are structurally related to vitamins.
phosphorylation The addition of a high-energy phosphate group to a molecule.
absorption The active or passive uptake of gases, fluids, or solutes.
malnutrition An unhealthy state produced by inadequate dietary intake of nutrients, calories, and/or vitamins.
glycogen A polysaccharide that is an important energy reserve; a polymer consisting of a long chain of glucose molecules.
FAD - flavin adenine dinucleotide A coenzyme important in oxidative phosphorylation; cycles between the oxidized (FADH2) and reduced (FAD) states.
countercurrent exchange The diffusion betwen two solutions that travel in opposite directions.
metabolic turnover The continuous breakdown and replacement of organic materials within cells.
cytochrome A pigment component of the electron transport system; a structural relative of heme.
vitamin An essential organic nutrient that functions as a coenzyme in vital enzymatic reactions.
intrinsic factor A glycoprotein, secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach, that faceilitates the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.
beta oxidation Fatty acid catabolism that produces molecules of acetyl-CoA.
postabsorptive state A period that begins 4 hours after a meal; characterized by falling blood glucose concentrations and the movilization of metabolic reserves.
transamination The enzymatic transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to another carbon chain.
acetyl group -CH3C-O
oxidation The loss of electrons or hydrogen atoms or the acceptance of an oxygen atom.
amino acids Organic compounds whose structure can be summarized as R - CHNH2 - COOH.
cholesterol. A steroid component of cell membranes and a substrate for the synthesis of steroid hormones and bile salts
acetyl-CoA An acetyl group bound to coenzyme A, a participant in the anabolic and catabolic pathways for carbohydrates, lipids, and many amino acids.
decarboxylation The removal of a molecule of carbon dioxide.
ribonucleic acid A nucleic acid consisting of a chain of nucleotides that contain the sugar ribose and the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
ACTH -adrenocorticotropic hormone The hormone that stimulates the production and secretion of glucocorticoids by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone.
anorxia nervosa an eating disorder marked by a loss of appetite and pronounced weight loss.
evaporation The movement of molecules from the liquid state to the gaseous state.
adipose tissue Loose cpnnective tissue dominated by adipocytes.
thermoregulation Homeostatic maintenance of body temperature.
anabolism The synthesis of complex organic compounds from simpler precursors.
metabolism The sum of all biochemical processes under way within the human body at any moment; includes anabolism and catabolism.
TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle AKA as Kreb's cycle or citric acid cycle.
citric acid cycle AKA Kreb's cycle or TCA cycle
FMN-flavin adenine mononucleotide A coenzyme important in oxidative phosphorylation; cycles between the oxidized (
FMN A coenzyme important in oxidative phosphorylation; cycles between the oxidized (FMNH2) and the reduced (FMN).
Reduction The fain of hydrogen atoms or electrons or the loss of an oxygen molecule.
Created by: tamiboren
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