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Lecture 10
Golgi complex
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Camillo Golgi | who first described its existence in the late 1800's |
| Golgi apparatus | involved with processing and packaging of protein products for secretion or passage t other organelles |
| Golgi Stack | 3-8 series of cisternae; flat disc-like membranous sacs |
| Intracisternal space | the lumen of the golgi cisternae |
| Golgi has 2 sides | cis or forming face and trans or maturing face |
| Cis-golgi network CGN | oriented towards the RER receives transition vesicles from the RER |
| Trans-golgi network TGN | the opposite side from it transport vesicles carry processed proteins and lipids to: secrectory granules,endosomes, lysosomes,plasma memebrane |
| medial cisternae | are all of the golgi cisternae between the cis and trans faces |
| Material Flow through the Golgi 2 models | 1. stationary Model 2. maturation model |
| stationary model | 1. each layer is stable 2. shuttle vesicles carry the contents from one layer to the next |
| maturation model | 1. each cisterna is only transiently positioned in one layer 2. each cisterna moves from one layer to the next 3. each cisternae originates initially as the CGN then as more transition vesicles fuse above it, it becomes part of the medical cisternae 4. |
| if the maturation model is true then how do the processing enzymes of the CGN stay in the first cisternae? | retragade transport back to CGN from the medial cisternae via shuttle vesicles |
| Golgi function | 1. most materials move from the CGN towaards the TGN 2. some materials can move in the opposite direction aka. retrograde transport |
| retrograde transport | assures that each level of the golgi maintains specific compartments with specific proteins, which occurs via specific protein sequence tags that designate the proteins for return |
| golgi proteins | 1. with shorter transmembrane domains are found towards the CGN 2. with longer transmembrane domains are found in the TGN |
| transport vesicles | are vesicles that form from the TGN |
| transport vesicles have 3 fates | 1. give rise to secretory vesicles 2. give rise to early endosomes, contain lysosomal hydrolases-digestive enzymes 3. retrograde transport |
| protein modification in the RER | initial glycosylation maily N-linked to asparagine |
| protein modification in the golgi | 1. further glycosylation mainly O-linked to serine and threonine 2. modification of both N and O linked glycosylation. 3. protein tyrosine sulfation |
| Protein sorting | 1. various proteins must be designated for specific cellular compartments 2. involve specific sequence tags or specific glycosylation |
| example of protein sorting | targeting of soluble proteins for lysosomes |
| secretory pathways of protein sorting | 1. constitutive secretion 2. regulated secretion |
| constitutive secretion (continuous secretion) | specific protein sequence tags target proteins for continuous secretion |
| regulated secretion | other specific protein sequence tags target proteins for regulated secretion |
| membrane polarity | onset of polarity begins at the ER and continues through the golgi, to the plasma membrane and other organelles |
| protein glycosylation and sulfation | occur in the RER and golgi lumen |
| specific example of a protein destined for the regulated secretion pathway | GLUT4 |
| GLUT4 | glucose transporter associated with the facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells import role in regulating glucose balance |
| GLUT4 | 1.one of 13 sugar transporter proteins contains 12-transmembrane domains 2. insulin sensitive 3. synthesized in RER 4. a single site of N-glycosylation |
| GLUT4 Trafficking | 1. glut4 is packaged into transport vesicle at the TGN 2. GLUT4 are then directed to the cell membrane where they are docked to the membrane 3. insulin signaling causes them to fuse to the membrane 4. the GLUT4 tansporters can be recycled to endosomes |
Created by:
aareynolds
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