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JSK Board Stk-2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cleft Lip | Maxillary prominence fail to properly fuse with intermaxillary segment during early embryoic development. |
| Cleft Pallet | Palatine shelves of maxillary promience fail to properly fuse with one another |
| Choanal Atresia | Bone Maldevelopment in the development of fetus, obstruction of one or both nasal passages |
| Kallmann's Syndrome | Absence of GnRH secretory neuron from hypothalamus. Anosmia |
| FSH Stimulate what in male | Seminiferous tubules and Spermatogenesis. Intern Seminiferous tubule produce inhibin to pituitary FSH secretion |
| LH Stimulate what in male | Interstitial leydig cells to produce testosterone |
| Thionamide (Methimazole and propylthiouraci) | antithyroid by decreaing formation of thyroid hormon via inhibition of the ezyme thyroid peroxidase. Propylthiouracil decrease conversion of T4 to T3 |
| Bulimia Nervosa | Eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating and compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, At least twice a week for 3 months. |
| Body dysmorphic disorder | Intense preoccupation with an imagined bodily defect |
| Anorexia nervosa | Bodyweight less than 85% of ideal. |
| Hepatitis E | Un enveloped, ssRNA, fecal oral route, affects young to middle aged adults. Transaminases and IgM and anti-HEV titers rise in association with clincial illness. High mortality rate observed in infected pregnant women. |
| Hemachromatosis | Mutation of HFE, abnormally high intestinal absorption. Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis are complecations |
| Porcelain Gallbladder | Bluish, Brittle, calcium-laden gallbaldder wall in patients with chronic cholecystitis. 11-33% eventually gests gallbladder carcinoma |
| Increased frequency of PRPP synthetase | Gout Attack,, due to increased production of purine. |
| Colchicine | Acute management of gouty arthritis by reducing neutrophil chemotaxis, |
| Hormones that exert their effects through cAMP | TSH, PTH, glucagon, beta-adrenergic receptor via Gs and Protein Kinase A |
| cellular changes that exert their effects through cGMP | Protein Kinase G, rlxation of smooth muscle, platelet activation, sperm metabolism, and cell division.activated by cGMP phosphodiesterase. |
| an example of a hormone that uses tyrosin kinase domain | Insulin |
| Theophline | Used in Bronchial asthma. Inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterase leads prologation of the action of cyclic AMP |
| Hormones that uses JAK-STAT pathway | Growth Hormone, Erythropoietin, nterferons |
| Hepatocellular carcino | Associated with HBV, elevation of alphafetoprotein |
| HBsAg | Diagnostic marker for HBV infection. HBsAg goes a way as anti-HBsAg antibody is formed |
| HbseAg | HBV marker, indicates high level of infectivity |
| HBcAg | Indication of recent or acute infection by HBV |
| Intrinsic (mitochondrial pathway) | Replacing survival agen Bcl to pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bak, Bax, Bim, through cytochrome c |
| Extrinsic (death receptor pathway) | Uses TNFR1, and Fas (CD95), Once Fas binds to ligand becomes FADD, briniing in mutiple caspases protein together. |
| Lipoxygenase | Synthesis of Leukotriene |
| C. Difficile | Florishes when normal flora goes away, produces enterotoxin(diarrhea), exotoxin B, causes colonic epithelial cell necrosis, and stimulation of fibrin deposition. |
| Traveler's Diarrhea | ETEC, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Shigella, Giardia can also be responsible. |
| Side effect of Proton pump inhibitors | Loose stools |
| Vacuum sealed can and its associated organism | C. Botulinum. |
| ERB-B2 gens expressed in | AKA Her-2/Neu, Expressed in 1/3 of breast cancer, adenocarcinoma of ovary, stomach, lung, and salivary glands. Signs of aggressiveness |
| Anti Her-2 antibody | Trastuzumab |
| N-myc associated tumer | Neuroblastoma and small cell carcinoma of the lung |
| sis proto-oncogenes associated with | Overexpression of astrocytomas and osteosarcomas |
| Bcl-2 | Observed in follicular lymphomas |
| Symptoms of URI | Fever, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis |
| Etiology of Viral Croup Ranked by Commonality | Parainfluenza Virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Influenza Virus, Adenovirus |
| Caliciviruses | (Hepattis E and Norwalk Virus) responsible for viral gastroenteritis |
| Croup is? | laryngotracheobronchitis. Most common: Parainfluenza virus type 1. |
| Impaired humoral immunity | P. Aeruginosa, produces Exotoxin A (protein synthesis inhibition), Elastase (derades elastin), Phospholipase C (degrades cellular membranes), and pyocyanin generates reactive oxygen species |
| Strep Pyogenes associated infections' | Cutaneous infections, impetigo, erysipelas, and abcess. |
| COX-2 | Involved in prostacyclin (PGI2) |
| M-Protein is attached to | Streptococcal cell wall |
| C1q deposit found in | MPGN type 1: Deposits are in subendothelial cells |
| IgE deposits in capillary wall with what disease | Lupus nephritis, |
| PostStrep Glomeruonephritis deposit proteins | IgG,IgM,C3 in mesangium and basement membraine, starry sky appearance |
| Berry aneurysm associated with | Coarctation of the aorta |
| The loop diuretics | furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide, ethacrynic acid), act at the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. |
| Potassium Sparing diuretic | Spironolactone, amiloride, and triamterene, acts on Collecting duct |
| What structure should be concerned when midshaft of the humerus is fractured? | Radial nerve and deep brachial nerve |
| Drugs that are metabolized by P450 | Warfarin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, phenytoin, isoniazid, rifampin, oral hypoglycemics. |
| P450 Inducer | Phenytoin, Penobarbital, Isoniazid, Rifampin, Carbamazepin |
| Terbinafine | Antifungal accumulate in skin and nail, used to treat dermatophytoses. |
| Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate | 1st line treatment for hypertriglyceridemia. Reduce triglyceride by reducing hepatic triglyceride production. |
| Ezetimibe | intestinal absorption of cholesterol from diet and bile acid. 20-30% reduction in serum LDL. Most effective at reducing serum triglyceries and increaing HDL. |
| Cholestyramine | Bile acid binding resin reduce LDL, interfere cholesterol syn thesis by interfering enterohepatic circulation, increase triglyceride level as a result |
| Femoral hernia | Herniate through femoral canal. Lateral to pubic tubercle, medial to femoral vain. Prone to incarceration --> Strangulation |
| Inferior epigastric vessel location | Lateral to direct inguinal hernia, medially to indirect inguinal hernia. Lateral border of hasselbach triangle |
| Vitamin A toxicity | hepatic injury --> Cirrhosis, Acute: singl high dose of vitamn A: Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, blurred vision. Chronic: Alopecia,dry skin, hyperlipidemia, Papilledema |
| Thiamine deficiney | Adult beriberi, wernicke-Korsakoff |
| Niacin deficiency | Dementia, dermatitis, and diarhea |
| Vit B12 deficiency | Associated with pernicious anemia, lemon colored, broad-based gait. |
| Vit B2 Riboflavin | Cheilosis, stomatitis, glossitis, dermatotitis, corneal vascularization |
| Large dose of Vit E. | Hemorrhagic stroke in adult |
| Holosystolic murmurs | Assoc. tricuspid regurg. Mitral regurg, ventricular septal defect. |
| Elevated wedge pressure means? | Cardiogenic caue of pulmonary edema. Ie. pulmonary venous hypertensiokn |
Created by:
jskim
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