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Biology:Transport
The Heart, Control of Heartbeat, Gas Exchange, Ventilation System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood supply of the heart (oxygen and nutrients) | coronary artery |
| the blood travels from the right side of the heart to where at what pressure? | lungs at low pressure so as to pick up oxygen. The blood is deoxygenated |
| the blood leaves the lungs and returns to which side of the heart? at what pressure? | left side of the heart still at low pressure. blood is oxygenated |
| blood pumps to the rest of the body from which side of the heart? at what pressure? | from the left side, at high pressure |
| the blood returns to which side of the heart at low pressure and deoxygenated | right side |
| what controls the direction of blood flow? | atrio-ventricular and semilunar valves |
| what causes the regular contractions of first the two atria and then the two ventricles? | electrical impulses |
| what is the pacemaker? | (SAN) specialized set of cells located on the right atrium |
| SAN, not the brain, generates regular electrical impulses ... | autonomously |
| Why do atria contract simultaneously | because SAN impulses spread throughout both atria |
| impulses spread to ventricles only at the | AVN (atrio-ventricular node) |
| AVN transmits electrical signals to heart via | bundles of His |
| contractions of both ventricles occur from apex toward atria TRUE of FALSE | TRUE |
| bundle of His transmits electrical signals throughout ventricles via | Purkinje fibres |
| what hormone increases heart rate? | adrenaline |
| what nerve from brain releases epinephrine and increases heart rate? | sympathetic nerves |
| what nerve from the brain via what nerve decreases heart rate? | parasympathetic nerve via vagus nerves |
| why do arteries have thick walls? | withstand high blood pressure |
| what feature of arteries allows blood to go from heart to small intestine? | walls stretch and recoil |
| what helps maintain high pressure? | narrow lumen |
| why do veins have thin walls? | to allow muscles to squeeze the veins |
| how do veins prevent backflow of blood? | valves |
| blood in veins flow slowly because (feature of veins) | wide lumen |
| why do capillaries have pores? | to allow plasma and phagocytes to diffuse in or out |
| what connects the vein and artery? | capillaries |
| why are capillaries moist and thin? | for diffusion and short diffusion distance |
| what feature of capillaries allows for a large exchange of materials through diffusion? | narrow diameter and large quantity |
| differentiate between ventilation, respiration and gas exchange | ventilation- exchange of stale air for fresh air for alveoli respiration- cells release energy (ATP) for use inside cell gas exchange- swapping one gas for the other (oxygen for carbon dioxide) in alveoli |
| what is the significance of ventilation? | maintains concentration gradient of oxygen to carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood in capillaries, allowing them to diffuse |
| what level concentration of carbon dioxide must there be in the alveoli? | low |
| what level concentration of oxygen must there be in the alveoli? | high |
| features of alveoli (name 4 and why they help alveoli carry out gas exchange) | 1. large qunatity-large surface area 2. single cell wall- short diffusion distance, rapid exchange 3. covered by dense layer of capillaries-high CO2 concentration, allow diffusion 4.cells in wall that secrete fluid- keep moist, gases can dissolve |
Created by:
milanjcater
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