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testingthisone
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Parthenogenesis | Females Produce offspring from unfertilized eggs. Lacerta lay viable eggs that have not been fertilized by males. |
| Sequential hermaphroditism | Protogyny - female to male change Protandry - male to female change (coral reef fish) |
| SRY Gene | Converts gonads to testes |
| External fertilization(amplexus) | used by marine vertebrates Eggs and sperm released into the water where union of free gametes occur. |
| Internal fertilization | Used by terrestrial vertebrates sperm introduced into |
| Oviparity | Fertilized eggs are deposited outside the mother for development. (Birds) |
| ovoviviparity | fertilized eggs are kept inside the mother for development.(Seahorse, frogs) |
| Viviparity | Young develop within mother and obtain nourishment from her blood. (sharks,mammals) |
| ovulation | periodic release of a mature ovum |
| Estrus | Females sexually receptive to males only around time of ovulation. |
| Menstruation | Females bleed when shedding inner lining of uterus. |
| Monotremes | (mammals that lay eggs)Are Oviparious |
| Seminiferous Tubules | Sites of Sperm Production |
| Leydig Cells | Produce Testosterone. Converts indifferent genitalia into penis and scrotum. |
| Germinal Epithelium | Spermatogonia and meiotic products. |
| Sertoli Cells | Found in Seminiferous tubules. Nurse developing sperm cells and change spermatids into sperm by engulfing their extra cytoplasm. |
| Sperm Structure | Head- contains nucleus which is capped by acrosome which has digestive enzymes and aids in egg penetration. Body- consists of mitochondria which provides energy and centriole acts as basal body for flagellum. Tall- flagelllum for movement. |
| Epididymis | Storage and Maturation |
| Seminal Vesicles | Produce a fructose rich fluid, makes up 60% of semen volume. |
| Prostate Gland | Contributes to 30% of semen |
| Bulbourethral Glands | Add secretions that make up 10% of semen. Also lubricates tip of penis. |
| Erectile Tissue Columns | Two corpora cavernosa on dorsal side. One Corpus Spongiosum on ventral side. |
| What releases Nitric Oxide and y? | Parasympathetic nerves release NO which dilates arteries. |
| hypothalamic gonadotopin releasing hormone | Stimulates anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH. |
| FSH | Stimulates Sertoli Cells to facilitate sperm development |
| LH | Stimulates Leydig Cells to secrete testosterone |
| Ovarian Follicles | Microscopic structures found in ovaries. Each follicle contains a potential egg cell called a primary oocyte and smaller granulosa cells. |
| Granulosa Cells | Secrete estrogen at puberty. Triggers menarche, first menstrual cycle. Stimulates secondary sex characteristics. |
| Follicles | Each contains a primary oocyte that that is arrested in prophase of meiosis 1. |
| Human Menstrual Phases | Follicular Phase, ovulation and luteal phase. |
| follicular phase | FSH stimulates several follicles to grow but only one achieves full maturity as a Graafian follicle. Estrogen causes growth of the endometrium (Proliferative phase of the endometrium). Primary oocyte completes meiosis 1(large secondary oocyte and polar b |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin | Produced by the embryo. Keeps high level of estrogen and progesterone which prevents mestration until placenta takes over. |
| Phases of Estrous Cycles | Endometrium shed w/o bleeding. Proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus.(Proliferative, midcycle, secretory, menstrual) |
| Bartholin's Glands | secretes lubricant that facilitates penetration by penis. |
| Hymen | membrane that initially covers the vagina. |
| Contraception | Method of birth control that acts prior to implantation. |
| Contraception Methods | Abstinence, Sperm Blockage, Sperm destruction(douches). |
| Hermaphroditism | individual has both testes and ovaries. |
| asexual reproduction | Genetically identical cells produced from a single parent through mitosis |
| Marsupials | give birth to completely mature fetuses which mature in mother's pouch |
| Placentals | retain young in uterus for development. nourished by placenta |
| Primary spermatocyte | diploid cell that begins meiosis |
| Homologous structures to penis and scrotum | clitoris and labia majora |
| Corpus Luteum | secretes estrogen and progesterone |
| Birth Control Pills | Contain analogues of progesterone, sometimes estrogen. prevent follicle development. |
| Intrauterine devices | prevent implantation, Plan B |
Created by:
jblaze256
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