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Urinary Elimination
III
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How much cardiac output circulates through the kidneys per minute | 20-25% Approx. |
| The functional unit of the kidney | Nephron |
| Is the initial site of filtration of the blood and the beginning of urine formation | Glomerulus |
| The pressure of large proteins in the urine and is a sign of glomerular injury | Proteinuria |
| How much filtrate does the glomerulus filter per minute | 125ml/min |
| What is the average adult urine output | 1500-1600ml/day |
| A urine output less than what, indicates possible renal alterations | <30ml/hr |
| Hormone produced by the kidneys and functions with in the bone marrow to stimulate RBC production, and maturation, and prolongs life of mature RBC's | Erythropoietin |
| Functions of RAAS | Renin released by juxtaglomerular cells, l/t angiotensinogen (liver), l/t angiotensin I converts into Angiotensin II in the lungs, l/t Aldesterone from renal cortex. |
| Voiding, peeing, urinating etc. | Micturition |
| How long is the urethra in women | 1.5-2.5 inch (4-6.5cm) |
| How long is the urethra in men | 8inch (20cm) |
| How much fluid does the bladder hold | 600ml |
| Allowing urination to occur without sensation of the need to void | Reflex incontinence |
| An increase in nitrogenous wastes in the blood, marked fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, n/v, headache, come, and convulsions | Uremic Syndrome |
| An indirect method of cleansing the blood of waste products using osmosis and diffusion with the peritoneum functioning as a semipermeable membrane | Peritoneal Dialysis |
| Uses a machine equipped with a semipermeable filtering membrane (artificial kidney) that removes accumulation waste products and excess fluids from the blood | Hemodialysis |
| An excessive output of urine | Polyuria |
| A urine output that is decreased despite normal intake | Oliguria |
| Zero urine production | Anuria |
| Inhibits the release of ADH | Alcohol |
| Ingestion of Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) colors urine | Orange-Rust |
| Ingestion of Amitriptyline colors urine | Green-Blue |
| Ingestion of Levadopa colors urine | Brown-Black |
| Direct visualization of urinary structures | Cystoscopy |
| Artificial opening on the abdomen to drain urine | Stoma |
| Most common causiative pathogen, responsible for 75-95% of uncomplicated UTI's | Escherichia Coli |
| Pain or burning during urination | Dysuria |
| An irritated bladder causes a frequent and urgent sensation of the need to void | Cystitis |
| Blood-tinged urine | Hematuria |
| When infection spreads to the upper urinary tract | Pyelonephritis |
| This is an incontinent urinary diversion, (wears pouch) | Ileal conduit (Incontinent Urinary Diversion) |
| The portion of the ileum connected to the abdominal wall acts as a nipple, requiring intermittent catheterization for emptying | Continent Urinary Diversion |
| Tube placed directly into the renal pelvis | Nephrostomy |
| Development of urinary control in childbirth | 2-3yrs Full control in 4-5yrs |
| Two types of incontinence | Urgency and Stress Incontinence |
| The average number most people void | 5 or more times/day |
| Discourages bacterial adherence to the bladder wall | Cranberry Juice |
| Sound resulting from turbulent blood flow through a narrowed artery | Bruit |
| An output of urine less than what, is cause for concern | <30ml in more than 2hrs |
| What is considered Polyruria | 2000-2500ml/day |
| High concentrations of bilirubin cause what color urine | Dark Amber Color |
| What urine color occurs from acetone or acetoacetic acid | Sweet or fruity odor |
| What odor for urine that is stagnant | Ammonia Odor |
| What determines the method of collecting urine | Type of test |
| Type of urine collection used for C | Clean voided/ Midstream and sterile specimen. |
| Type of urine collection used for routine urinalysis | Random |
| Type of urine collection for measuring adrenocortical steroids, or hormones, creatinine clearance, or protein quantity test | Timed Urine Specimens |
| Normal urine pH | 4.6-8.0 |
| Normal urine Protein | None or up to 8mg/100ml |
| Normal Urine Specific Gravity | 1.005-1.030 |
| What are 2 diagnostic testes for urinary problems | Endoscopy-Cystoscopy and Arteriogram (Angiography) |
| Intervention to avoid nocturia | Avoid fluids 2hrs before bedtime |
| What is Recommended fluid intake for a healthy adult | 2000-2500ml/day |
| What is the Average fluid intake for a healthy adult | 1200-1500ml/day |
| Drugs that block the muscarinic receptors suppress bladder contractions and reduce incontinence caused by the bladder | Solifenacin (Vesicare) and Oxybutynin Chloride (Ditropan) |
| Cholinergic drugs that increase contraction of the bladder and improve emptying | Bethanechol (Urecholine) |
| The dribbling or overflow incontinence seen in men with prostatic enlargement can be treated with this Alpha1- Andrenergic Blocker | Tamsulosin (Flomax) |
| Involuntary leakage of urine during increased abdominal pressure in the absence of bladder muscle contraction (coughing, sneezing, laughing) | Stress Incontinence |
| Loss of urine caused by factors outside the urinary tract that interfere with the ability to respond in a socially appropriate way to the urge to void | Functional Incontinence |
| Involuntary passage of urine after a strong sense of urgency to void | Urge Incontinence |
| Combination of urge urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence s/s | Mixed Incontinence |
| Involuntary loss of urine at intervals without sensation of urge to void | Reflex Incontinence |
| These types of catheters are suitable only for intermittent use due to their inflexibility | Plastic Catheters |
| These types of catheters are recommended for use up to 3weeks, be aware of allergies | Latex Catheters |
| These types of catheters are best suited for long term use (2-3 months) because of less encrustation at the urethral meatus | Pure silicone or Teflon catheters |
| How many times do you provide perineal care for an indwelling catheter | At least 3x/day |
| This method is a specific program for clients with urge urinary incontinence r/t overactive bladder (supress urination) | Bladder Retraining |
| Clients who have stress or urge urinary incontinence may benefit from this exercise | PFE's or Kegel Exercises |
Created by:
BOjangles1006
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