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Food and Health 8 MA
Non-specific responses to diseases MA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the primary defences? | Those that attempt to prevent pathogens entering the body e.g. skin and Mucous Membranes. |
| What is the immune response? | The specific response to a pathogen, which involves the action of lymphocytes and production of antibodies. |
| How does the skin act as a primary defence? | Acts as a physical barrier, blocking pathogens from entering the body. Also acts as a chemical barrier by producing chemicals that are anti microbial and can lower pH, inhibiting the growth of pathogens |
| Describe the process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogenic cells. | Pathogen attaches to the phagocyte by antibody and surface receptors, it is then engulfed by infolding of phagocyte membrane. Lysosomes release lysis into phagosome to digest it and the harmful end products of digestion are absorbed into the cytoplasm. |
| What is the role of histamine? | It is released by infected cells to attract neutriphils to the area. It also causes a response which makes capillaries more leaky so more tissue fluid leaves the capillaries, leading pathogens to macrophages in the lymph nodes via the lymphatic system. |
| What primary defence is associated with the eyes? | Eyes are protected by antibodies in the tear fluid. |
| How do mucous membranes act as a primary defence? | They protect body openings that are exposed to the environment e.g. Mouth and nostrils. Some membranes secrete mucus, which is a sticky substance that traps pathogens and contains anti microbial enzymes. |
Created by:
KeeleyLee
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