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MA Biology 2.2.4

Microorganisms and food

QuestionAnswer
How do microorganisms obtain their nutrition? By digesting the organic matter around them.
What toxin does Clostridium botulinum (should be typed in italics) produce? Botulin.
The presence of which microorganism in food causes you to develop 'Food poisoning'? Salmonella.
How does cooking prevent food spoilage? The heat denatures enzymes and other proteins and kills the microorganisms.
How does drying, salting and coating in sugar prevent food spoilage? This lowers the water potential of the food, so water leaves the microorganisms by osmosis and this kills them.
How does irradiation prevent food spoilage? The ionising radiation kills the microorganism by disrupting their DNA structure.
How does pickling prevent food spoilage? This uses an acid pH to kill microorganisms by denaturing their enzymes and other proteins.
What does the Lactobacillus bacteria (used in milk to make yoghurt) change sugar into? Lactic acid.
How does yeast make bread rise? The yeast respires anaerobically to release carbon dioxide. Bubbles of the gas collect in the dough, causing the dough to rise.
Using microorganisms in food can produce proteins quicker, true or false? True.
Created by: Jake.C
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