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Chapter 10 Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| allele | alternative forms of a gene for each variation of an organism |
| Dominant | observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait |
| fertilization | fusion of male and female gametes |
| gamete | male and female sex cells; sperms and eggs |
| genetics | branch of biology that studies heredity |
| genotype | combination of genes in an organism |
| heterozygous | when there are two different alleles for a trait |
| heredity | passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| homozygous | when there are two identical alleles for a trait |
| hybrid | offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait |
| law of independent assortment | m. principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other |
| law of segregation | m. principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different gametes |
| phenotype | outward appearance of an organism regardless of its genotype |
| pollination | from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants |
| recessive | trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of that trait |
| trait | characteristic that is inherited |
| zygote | diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg |
| crossing over | exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis |
| diploid | cell with two of each kind of chromosome |
| egg | haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis |
| genetic recombination | major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis |
| haploid | cell with one of each kind of chromosome |
| homologous chromosome | paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order |
| nondisjunction | failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis |
| sexual reproduction | pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells |
| how does meiosis maintain a constant number of chromosomes in the body cells of organisms that reproduce sexually? | By producing haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes |
| How does the knowledge of meiosis explain Mendel's law of segregation | because it shows how each gamete gets one allele from its parents |
| Explain how crossing over in meiosis results in genetic variation | Pairs of chromosomes break and rejoin causing an exchange of genes |
| How does mendel's law of independent assortment assure genetic diversity? | because different traits are inherited independently of each other |
| Describe how genetic recombination through segregation and crossing over can lead to variations in the offspring | it provides different combinations of the alleles that produce different traits |
| Explain how nondisjunction can result in an individual having an extra chromosome | because the chromosomes don't separate right |
Created by:
berkleysimmons
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