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Chp. 24 bio

Population Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Population is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
gene pool the total collection of genes in the population
natural selection determines whether this individual passes down these traits and genes.
Microevolution is a change in allele frequencies within a gene pool
species can be defined as a group of populations whose members interbreed. contribute to the same gene pool.
microevolution is evolution within a species
Hardy-Weinberg quilibrium perfect enough not evolve. 1. It is very large 2. it is isolated 3. mutations do not occur 4. mating is random - any female will mate with any male 5. natural selection does not occur - all individuals rerproduce at same rate.
Microevo - Genetic Drift is a change in the gene pool of a small population that is due to random chance. natural selection not involved.
microevo - bottleneck effect genetic drift by an event that reduces the population size. like cheetahs.
microevo - founder effect is caused when a small number of individuals create a new population. often in islands.
microevo - gene flow occurs when individuals leave a population. they take their alleles with them or when new individuals bring new alleles into the population
microevo - mutation is slow but inevitable. it is important for evolution because it creates new alleles that never existed.
neutral variation this means that the gene does not provide any selective advantage to the individual.
heterozygote advantage gene creates immunity of a certain disease or disorder.
polymorphic there are more versions of the trait.
Natural selection - stabilizing selection leads to intermediate phenotypes. seen in very stable environments. little change in traits.
natural selection - directional selection shifts population towards one extreme. antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example. migration to new environment.
natural selection - disruptive selection shifts the population to both extremes, and intermediate phenotypes are rare.
natural selection - sexual selection is similar to directional selection, but will only apply to members of one gender. females choose their mates. they look for males with specific traits. these males get to pass down their traits to next gen.
sexual dimorphism in which males and females of the same species may have very different phenotypes.
natural selection does not produce perfection
Created by: 1574238891
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