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chp. 25 bio

the origin of species

QuestionAnswer
binomial system of naming organisms.
reproductive barriers keep species separated
reproductive barriers categories 1. prevent mating or fertilization from taking place(prezygotic barriers) 2. prevent the offspring of an interspecies mating from developing. (postzygotic barriers)
prezygotic barrier prevents mating or fertilization from taking place, so no zygote is ever formed
postzygotic barriers operate after a hybrid zygote has formed.
types of prezygotic barriers 1. temporal isolation 2. habitat isolation 3. behavioral isolation 4. mechanical isolation 5. gametic isolation
(prezygotic) temporal isolation (prezygotic) when two species breed at different times. some animals breed in the spring, others in summer or fall.
(prezygotic) habitat isolation prezygotic - when two species live near one another but in different habitats. one lives in water and other lives in land.
(prezygotic) behavioral isolation prezygotic- when two species have specific mating behaviors that bring males and females together. birds have mating dances that does not attract other members of different species.
(prezygotic) mechanical isolation prezygotic - when sex organs are not compatible.
(prezygotic) gametic isolation mating may take place, but the gametes will not form a zygote. common in plants.
types of postzygotic barriers 1. hybrid inviability 2. hybrid sterility 3. hybrid breakdown
(postzygotic) Hybrid inviability postzygonic - the genes of the parents are not compatible, so zygote wont survive.
(postzygotic) hybrid sterility posyzygonic - the zygote survives but it is sterile. cannot reproduce.
allopatric speciation the process in which geographic isolation leads to reproductive isolation. formations of mountain ranges, volcanic euruptions, damming.
sympatric speciation two population become reproductively isolated even though they still live in the same location.
polyploid cell has more than 2 complete sets of chromosomes.
sympatric speciation by polyploidy 1.diploid parent cell should divide by meiosis to create haploid gametes. instead, it divides by meiosis. 2.diploid 2n gametes are produced. 3.triploid 3n offspring is produced which is sterile. 4.self-fertilizes,a tetraplod 4n offspring new species
adaptive radiation has occurred when a single common ancestor gives rise to many new species that exploit different ecological niches.
Created by: 1574238891
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