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Science Final Hacker
Science Finalll
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Weather | short term state of the atmosphere including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind and visibility |
| Humidity | amount of water vapor in the air |
| Relative Humidity | ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the maxium amount of water vapor the air can hold at a set temperature |
| Condensation | the cjange of state from a gas to a liquid |
| Cloud | a collection of small water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air which forms when air is cooled and condensation occurs |
| Precipitaion | any form of water that falls to the earths surface from the clouds |
| Air Mass | a large body of air where temperature and moisture content are constant throughout |
| Front | boundary between air masses of different densities and usually sifferent temperatures |
| Cyclone | an area in the atmosphere that has lower pressure than the surounding areas and has winds that spiral toward the center |
| Anticylcone | The rotation of air around a high pressure center in the direction opposite to earths rotation |
| Thunderstorm | A usually brief heavy storm that consists of rain strong winds lightning and thunder |
| Lighting | An electronic discharge that takes place between two oppositly charged surfaces. such as between a cloud and the ground, between two clouds or two parts of the same cloud |
| Thunder | The sound caused by the rapid expansion of air along an electric strike |
| tornado | a destructive rotating column of air that has very high wind speeds is visible as a funnel shaped cloud and touches the ground |
| Hurricane | A severe storm that develops over tropical oceans and whose strong winds of more than 120 km/h spiral in toward the intensly low-pressure storm center |
| Thermometer | An instument that measures and indicates temperature |
| Barometer | An instrument that measures atmosoheric pressure |
| Anemometer | An insturment used to measure wind speed |
| Divergent boundary | The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other |
| Convergent boundary | The boundary formed by the collision of two lithosphereic plates |
| Crust | The thin and solid outermost layer of the earth above the mantle |
| Mantle | The layer of rock between the earths vrust and core |
| Core | The central part of the earth below the mantle |
| Lithosphere | The solid outermost layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle |
| Asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectoinc plate move |
| Mesosphere | The strong lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core |
| Tectonic plates | A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid outermost part of the mantle |
| Continental drift | The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass broke up, and drifted to their present locations |
| Sea- Floor spreading | The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies |
| Plate tectonics | The theory that explains how large pieces of the earths outermost layer called tectonic plates move and change shape |
| Transform Boundary | The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizantly |
| Compression | Stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object |
| Tension | Stress that occurs when forces act to strech and object |
| Folding | Th bending of rock layers due to stress |
| Fault | A break in a body of rock along which one block sides relative to another |
| uplift | the rising of the earths crust to higher elevations |
| Subsidence | The sinking of regions of the earths crust to lower elevations |
| Seismology | The study of earthquakes |
| Deformation | The bending, tilting, and breaking of earths crust the change in shaoe of rock in response to stress |
| Elastic rebound | The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed ock |
| Seismic wave | A wave of energy that travels through the earth away form an earthquake in all directions |
| P wave | A seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back and forth direction |
| S wave | A seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side to side direction |
| Seismograph | An instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake |
| Seismogram | a tracing of earthquake motion that is created by seismograph |
| Epicenter | The point on earths surface directly above and earthquakes starting point or focus |
| Focus | The point along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
| Gap hypothesis | A hypothesis that is based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occured for a certain period of time |
| Seismic gap | An area along a fault where relativly few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquake have occurred in the past |
| Volcano | A vent or fissure in the earths surface through whch magma and gases are expelled |
| magma chamber | the body of molten rock that feeds a volcano |
| Vent | An opening at the surface of earht through which volcanic material passes |
| Crater | A funnel shaped pit near the top of the central vent of a volcano |
| Caldera | A large semicirlular depression that forms when the magma chamber below a volcano partially empties and cause the ground below to sink |
| Lava Plateau | A wide flat landform that results from repeated nonexplosive eruptions of lava that spread over a large area |
| Rift zone | An area of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other |
| hot spot | A volcanicly active area of earths surface far from a tectonic plate boundary |
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