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Chpt 12 Volcaones

Volcano

QuestionAnswer
Volcano Mountain formed from layers of lava and ash where plates move either together or apart or at hot spots.
caldera Large circular-shaped opening formed by the collapse of the top of a volcano.
vent Opening where magma is forced up and flows out on Earth's surface as lava, forming a volcano
composite volcano Formed from alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of lava and tephra.
cinder-cone volcano Steep-sided volcano made of tephra contains loosely packed materials.
Shield volcano Formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava forming a broad gently sloping sided volcano
volcanic neck Solid igneous core exposed when the volcanoes softer core erodes away.
sill When magma is squeezed into cracks in horizontal layers and hardens
Hot spot The result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between Earth's mantle and core that forms volcanoes when melted rock is forced upward and breaks through the crust.
Convergent boundary Areas where two plates come together
Divergent boundary Areas where two plates move away from each other.
Kilauea A shield volcano formed as basaltic magma flows from the vent and runs down the side of the volcano
Pahoehoe Lava that forms a ropelike structure as it cools.
Why a volcano is explosive. High silica content and the amount of water vapor and other gases.
Dike When magma enters a vertical crack in the Earth's crust and hardens.
Batholith Intrusive igneous rock body that forms when magma being forced upward toward Earth's crust cools slowly and solidifies underground
High-silica magma Very thick and contains a lot of silica and water vapor. Trapped gases are released under a lot of pressure and produces explosive eruptions.
Low-silica magma. Very fluid and contains little silica, gases trapped can easily escape - produces quiet eruptions.
Crater Steep walled depression around a volcano's neck
Tephra Bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption, ranges in size from ash to bombs and blocks.
Paricutin Cinder cone volcano Risen from the Mexican farmers cornfield starting with smoke from a hole then continuing throughout the night spewing ash and cinders high into the air.
Crater Lake Caldera Formed when a volcano erupted partially empting the magma chamber causing rock to collapse into the emptied chamber.
Yosemite National Park granite domes Batholith Formed from thousands of years of erosion exposing the granite domes that stretch across much of the length of California.
Soufriere Hills Composite volcano formed where the North American and South American plates converge under the Caribbean plate forcing successive eruptions of lava and tephra
Ship-Rock New Mexico Volcanic neck formed from the erosion of the soft volcano.
Dike formation Magma is squeezed into a vertical crack in the rock below the surface and hardens.
Kind of volcanic eruption occurs when granitic magma is present Granitic magma has a lot of silica and water vapor and is very thick- gases build up in it, creating pressure. Violent eruptions.
Kind of volcanic eruption occurs when basaltic magma is present Basaltic magma has little silica and is very fluid so gases escape easily from it producing quiet eruptions.
Two important factors that affect the explosiveness of eruptions. The amount of water vapor and other gases in the magma and the composition of the magma
Igneous rock formation When magma cools slowly underground and produces underground rock bodies that could become exposed later as Earth's surface as it erodes.
Created by: jojones21
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