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Evolution Rev
Review for Chapter 15 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name three examples of fossils. | Shells or old bones, any traces of dead organisms, insects trapped in tree sap |
| Where did Darwin draw ideas for his theory from? | The Galapagos Islands |
| What conclusion did Darwin draw from his observations of finches on the Galapagos? | They had a common ancestor. |
| Why did Darwin think the Galapagos animals were similar to those of the coast of South America? | The animal's ancestors migrated from South America to the Galapagos. |
| What is the process in which a population becomes better suited to its environment? | Adaptation. |
| According to Darwin, why does evolution occur? | Because of natural selection. |
| When Darwin published his book, what three main ideas did he include? | Species change over time, some organisms reproduce faster than others, some species become better suited to their environment than others. |
| What is natural selection? | The process by which organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce successfully. |
| What condition is necessary for natural selection to occur? | Genetic variation in species. |
| What happens to populations of the same species living in different places over time? | They become increasingly different as each adapts to its own environment. |
| Scarcity of resources and a growing population are most likely to result in what? | Increased competition. |
| Organisms with homologous structures would have what in common? | Similar nucleotide sequences and a common ancestor. |
| Name 3 examples of vestigial structures in humans. | Tailbone, wisdom teeth, appendix, etc. |
| What is a vestigial structure? | A structure that derived from a functional structure in an ancestor but currently does not serve a purpose. |
| The beak of a bird and the beak of a giant squid evolved independently and serve the same function. The beaks are considered to be what? | Analogous structures. |
| True or False. Acquired characteristics provide evidence that evolution occurs. | False. |
| The accumulation of differences between populations living in different environments that once formed a single population is called what? | Divergent evolution. |
| What is the process in which two or more species become adapted over time to each other's presence? | Coevolution |
| Dolphins and sharks evolved from very different ancestors. However, they currently have many similarities. What type of evolution is this an example of? | Convergent evolution |
| How has artificial selection been used by humans? | To speed up the process of divergent evolution. |
| Who proposed the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics? | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck |
| What is anatomy? | The body structure of organisms. |
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mjnepa
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