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Insulin exam
Insulin info
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Insulin are classified as | Antidiabetic agents. |
| Whats the function of insulin | insulin functions to transport glucose into the cell and in the liver releases glucose into the blood. |
| List the prototypes of insulin | injectable and oral |
| Beta cells secrete | hypoglycemia hormone in cells. |
| Delta cells release | somatostatin-a hormone that inhibits both glucagon and insulin. |
| F cells synthesize and secrete | pancreatic polypetides used in digestion. |
| Describe the functions of insulin | Regulates carbohydrte metabolism. Helps regulate fat and protein metabolism. Results in lower blood glucose. |
| Describe the function of liver inregards to insulin | uptake and storage of glucose as glycogen, excess glucose is stored as fat, suppresses the liver producing glucose. |
| Active insulin must bind to | cell receptor sites. |
| Type 1 diabetics | insulin replaces hormone insulin normally produced in pancreas. |
| Type 2 diabetics | when diet/wt control have failed to maintain blood glucose levels. |
| Insulin may also be used by altered heath states like | pregnancy, surgery, trauma, infection, renal, liver, endocrine dysfunction. |
| Insulin is necessary for normal | carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. |
| Sources of insulin | commercially available. Sometimes indivdually formulated for use in infants with diluents. |
| Injectable insulin is used with | Type I, occassionally type II, and some gestational diabetes. |
| Different types and species of insulin have | different pharmacological properties. |
| Human insulin now is preferred for | pregnant women or individuals expected to use insulin only intermittently, diabetic women considering pregnancy, individuals with allergies or immue resistance to animal-derived insulins or intialating insulin therapy. |
| pharmacodynamics | insulin is required to provide |
| Insulin controls | storage and metabolism of carbo, proteins, and fat. |
| Insuln converts | glucose to glycogen in the liver. |
| insulin's absorption varies by | type and route of medication. |
| How must insulin be injected (where) when GI enzymes destroy insulin | oral. |
| When using SC or needles for insulin pump, make sure to | rotate sites. |
| Insulin contraindications | hypersensitivity or insulin resistance (requiring change in insulin type). |
| Insulin is cautioned with | children, elderly, and pregnant. |
| Insulin interacts with | glucocorticoids and thiazide diuretics (incl. glood glucose). Alcohol increases insulin effect; betablocerks mask hypoglycemia. |
| Patients response to insulin changes how pt responds to | other drugs, can produce side effects. |
| Variables to consider with insulin | insulin type, injection technique and site, insulin antibodies, somogyl effect and dawn phenomenon. Illness or high stress, hypo and hyperglycemic states. |
| Humalog onset | 10-15 min. |
| Humalog Peak | .5 - 1.5 hrs. |
| Huamlog duration | 3-5 hrs. |
| Regular insulin onset | .5-1 hr. |
| Regular insulin peak | 2-3 hrs. |
| Regular insulin duration | 6-8 hrs. |
| Patient education for hypoglycemia | tachycardia, irritability, restlessness, excessive hunger, diaphoresis, depression, blood sugar less than 60mg/dl |
| Patient education for hyperglycemia | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, wt loss, fatigue, frequent infections, blood sugr above 99 mm/dl when fasting. |
| Lente Humulin L onset | 1-3 hours |
| Lente Humulin L peak | 6-12 hrs. |
| Lente Humulin L duration | 16-24 hrs. |
| Ultra Lente glargine onset | 4-8 hrs. |
| Ultra Lente glargine peak | 12-18 hrs. |
| Ultra Lente glargine duration | 2-48 hrs. |
Created by:
starz_1_girl
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