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Ch. 2 bio chem
The Chemical context of life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| element | is a substance that cant be broken down into anything else. simplest substance. |
| compound | is a substance containing 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio. sodium chloride, protein such as actin and other biological molecules. |
| Atom | is the smallest component of an element that has the chemical properties of the elements. |
| atom is made up of | proton, neutrons, electrons. |
| protons | +1 |
| neutrons | 0 |
| electrons | -1 |
| Atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus |
| mass number | number of protons+ neutrons |
| isotpoes | atoms of same element with different numbers of neutrons, so they have different atomic masses. |
| Ionic Bonds | are attraction between ions of opposite charge. ion is a charged atom that has gained or lost an electron in a chemical reaction. Cation and Anion |
| Cation | ions that has lost an electron, so its positively charged. |
| Anion | ion that gained an electron, so its negatively charged. |
| Covalent Bonds | are formed when atoms share electrons. they can be polar or nonpolar. |
| nonpolar | covalent bonds, the atoms share electrons equally. |
| polar | covalent bonds, on atom is more electronegative than the other. attracts the electrons more strongly than the other atoms. |
| Hydrogen bond | is the attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of a different molecule. oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. |
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