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AP Biology
Chapter 6-A Tour of the Cell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Centrioles | Produce spindle fivers for mitosis. |
| Cytoplasm | The entire contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus, and bounded by the plasma membrane. |
| Cytosol | The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| Plasma Membrane | The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell’s chemical composition. |
| Chromatin | The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope. |
| Chromosome | A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. See chromatin. |
| Nucleolus | A specialized structure in the nucleus, formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes. |
| Ribosome | A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions. |
| Smooth ER | That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. Works in lipid synthesis, Ca2+ storage in skeletal muscle fibers. Also aids in metabolism and detoxification. |
| Rough ER | That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. Works in protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes. |
| Golgi Apparatus | An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum in packages called vesicles. |
| Lysosomes | Specialized vesicles containing digestive enzymes for waste removal. |
| Secretory Vesicles | House products for secretion from cells. |
| Mitochondria | Produces ATP |
| Cytoplasmic Streaming | A circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells. |
| Cilia | A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane. |
| Flagella | A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion. The flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in both structure and function. |
| Basal Body | A eukaryotic cell organelle consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets; may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum; structurally identical to a centriole. |
| Nuclear Envelope | encloses the nucleus |
| Cytoskeleton | Functions as structure and support, mechanical signaling, motility, and cell division in eukaryotic cells. Made of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. |
| Nucleolus | Functions in protein synthesis and is made of RNA. |
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