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Daniels random 7
week 2 continued
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medium used to isolate Neisseria? | Thayer martin |
| what does thayer martin contain? | 1. vanco - gram pos; 2. colistin (polymyxin)-> gram neg; 3. trrimethoprim -> kill gram neg and other neisseria, 4. nystatin -> kill fungi |
| bilateral amydala a/w | HSV1; kluver bucy |
| pilocytic astrocytoma | GFAP+; cystic and solid; rosenthal fibers-> eosinphilic, corkscrew fibers; good bening |
| glioblastoma multiforme | stain astrocytes for GFAP; pseudopalisading pleomorphic tumor cells -> border central necrosis and hemorrhage |
| on CN3 cross section, which part is output to ocular muscle | inside - affected by vascular disease (DM), ptosis, down and out, nonreactive pupils |
| on CN3 cross section, which part is parasympathetic output? | outside; affected by compression (PCOM aneurys) blown pupil -> use papillary light reflex |
| granuloma formation | Th1 cells secrete gamma interferon -> macrophage activation -> TNF alpha from macrophages -> induce and maintain granuloma |
| iron poisoning | 1. membrane lipid peroxidation -> cell death; 1. acute-> gastric bleeding; chronic -> met acidosis; scarring -> GI obstruction |
| contents of azurophilic granulese (lysosomes) in neutrophils | hydrolytic enzymes, lysozyme, MPO, lactoferrin(binds Fe, inhib growth of bacteria and fungi) |
| in spirometry, at what point is PVR lowest? | FRC; 1. maximal compliance, intrathoracic P is atmoshpheric, alveoli don't exert extra pressure on vasculature |
| watershed regions cause what in hypotension | upper leg/upper arm weakness ACA, MCA; decreased higher order visual processing MCA/PCA |
| disk herniation | nucleus pulposes thru annular fibrosis, bet L5-S1 |
| paget's disease | large cells in epidermis w/ clear halo; eczematous patches on nipple; suggests carcinoma; also seen on vulva |
| inflammatory breast cancer | peae d'orange; 50% 5 year survival; dermal lymphatic invasion + block drainage |
| medullary breast cancer | fleshy, cellular, lymphocytic infiltrate; good prognosis |
| invasive lobular | orderly row of cells; often multiple; bilateral |
| invasive ductal | firm, fibrous, rock hard mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells; classic "stellate" morphology; most common; bAD! |
| comedocarcinoma | non-invasive, ductal, caseous necrosis surrounded by cancercells |
| what causes recurrent lobar hemorrhage with stroke | cerebral amyloid angiopathy |
| eczematous dermatitis (i.e.e contact dermatitis) | histo is spongiosis |
| decreased ESR | sickle cell, polycythemia vera, CHF, microcytosis, hypofibrinogenemia |
| MCC acute prostatitis | E. coli |
| MCC chronic prostatitis | abacterial |
| PICA stroke | 1. lateral medulla -> vestibular nuclei, lat ST tract, trigeminal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus (SPECIFIC to PICA), sympathetic fibers |
| what produces aqeous humor? | ciliary epithelium |
| astrocytes | reactive gliosis; K+ metabolism, maintainence of BBB |
| BCC | palisading nuclei; rolled edges with central ulceration, pearly papules -> common telangiectasias |
| melanoma | S100, dysplastic nevus, depth of tumor determines risk |
| EHEC toxin | inactivate 60s (often in colon and renal cells) HUS |
| clubbing associated with? in lung | lung cancer, TB, CF, bronchiectasis, pulm HTN, empyema, and other hypoxic chronic dz |
| clubbing in heart | cyanotic five T's; bacterial endocarditis |
| clubbing a/w what in other? | IBD; hyperthyroidism; malabsorption |
| cystinuria | inborn defect in transporter of cystine, ornithine, arginine and lysine; cystine stones; AR |
| IF in pemphigus vulgaris | reticular or netlike pattern |
| IF in bullous pemphgoid | linear |
| mucinous cystadenocarcinoma | pseudomyxoma peritonei-> intraperioneal accumulation of mucous material from ovarian or appendical tumor |
| mucinous cystadenoma | intestine like tissue |
| function of CN7 | facial movement; taste anterior 2/3, lacrimation, salivation (submandibular and sublingual), eyelid closure (obicularis oculi), stapedius muscle |
| function of CN9 | taste posterior 1/3, swallowing, salivation, afferent carotid body and sinus, stylopharyngeus ->elevates pharynx, larynx |
| function of CN10 | taste epiglottic, swallowing, palate elevation, midline uvula, talking, coughing, viscera, aortic arch chemo baroreceptors |
| nuclei in midbrain | 3 and 4 |
| nuclei in pons | 5,6,7,8 |
| nuclei in medulla | 9,10,11,12 |
| lateral nuclei =? | sensory (alar plate) |
| medial nuclei? | medial = motor (basal plate) |
| liver takes up unconj bilirubint through a ___ process | passive |
| liver secretes conjugated bilirubin through a __ process | active |
| lead poisoning affected enzymes | ALA dehydratase, ferrochelotase; protoporphryin accumulates |
| Rheumatoid nodules | central fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by a rim of palisading histiocytes and chronic lymphocytic infiltrate |
| what does the arteriovenous cencentration reflect? | solubiltiy in tissues |
| high av gradient means? | high soubility -> slow onset of action |
| maculopapular rash begins on face and spreads down | measles (rubeola) -> paramyxovirus; german measles (rubella) -> togavirus. Rubella has postauricular and occipital lymphadenopathy |
| pemphigus vulgaris | acantholysis, positive nikolsky |
| bullous pemphigoid | seub-epidermal, tense, eosinophils |
| macula adherens | desmosome; cadherens to intermediate filaments |
| zona adherens | intermediate junction; cadherens connect to actin; Cadherins are Ca dependent adhesion moecules |
| cerebellar output nerve route | purkinje fibers -> deep nuclei_> superior cerebral peduncles |
| nucleus aMbiguus | 9,10,11; Motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus |
| keloid | large collagen bundles lying in parallel with one another; excess connective tissue; hypertrphic scars are disorganized arrangement |
| ear cutaneous innervation of posterior external auditory canal | CN10 -> via auricular branch |
| inner surface of tympanic membrane | CN8 via tympanic branch |
| rest of canal | CNV3 via auricotemporal branch |
| cerebellar deep nuclei | Don't eat greasy foods (lateral to medial) dentate; emboliform, globuse, fastigial |
| dorsal motor nucleus | sends parasympathetic fibers |
| lesion of cn12 causes what? | tongue toward side of lesion |
| cn10 lesion | uvula away from lesion |
| cn11 | cannot turn head away to contralateral side, ipsilateral shoulder droop |
| cn5 motor | jaw toward lesion (due to force of opposite pterygoid muscle) |
| Rinne | fork at easr, mastoid process |
| weber | fork at forehead, or above mouth, below nose |
| granulation tissue | highly vascularized, fibrotic |
| thromboangiitis obliterans histo | segmenting thrombosing vasculitis often extending into contiguous veins and nerves |
| what gives elastin its plasticity and recoil ability | desmosine cross linking between lysin residues on elastin chains (has a lot of nonpolar AA just like collagen) |
| leptin positive on ventromedial area -> satiety | if you zap it, you get fat |
| if you zap the lateral area? | lateral area- you shrink laterally |
| alternative way of fructose metabolism? | via hexokinase -> fructokinase 6 phophatase |
| myelin effect on space constant and conduction velocity | increases it |
| effect of AP on MLCK | AP -> SM mem depolarization -> open voltage gated Ca channels -> increase Ca cytoplasm -> Ca binds calmodulin -> activates MLCK -> contraction |
| CN3 parasympathetic | pupil constrict; EW nucleus, muscarinic receptor |
| limbic system | hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, fornix, mamillary bodies, septal nucleus |
| anal sq cell carcinoma presentation | ulcerative mass |
| AIP symptoms | 5P's painful abdomen, psychosis, red urine, polyneuropathy, worse by drugs. Tx with glucose and heme |
| inflammatory cell composition of Type B chronic gastritis | lymphocyte and plasma cell predominent (vs. acute gastritis is neutrophils) |
| how do T cells affect candida? | defense against local infections- oral thrus, cutaneous candida, vulvovag |
| how do neutrophils affect candida? | prevent hematogenous spread ->systemic infection |
| AIP affected enzyme | prophobilinogen deaminase (uroporph I synthase); accumulation of porhobilinogen, ALA uroporphyrin in urine |
| glaucoma open/wide angle | obstructed outflow/drainage-myopia, increased age, silent, painless |
| glaucoma closed angle | obstructed flow between iris and cornea -> increased pressure behind iris. painful, decreased vision, rock hard eye, frontal HA, emergency, C/I epi |
| ASA damage | contralateral hemiparesis lower limb (lateral cortcospinal tract), proprioception (medial leminiscus); ipsilateral tongue deviation (caudal medulla CN12) |
| PICA stroke | vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, dysphagia, horseness, decreased gag reflex, ipsilateral horner's syndrome, ataxia, limbs/face decreased pain and temp |
| VPL input | ST and DCML |
| VPL info | P and temperature, pro., touch, vibration |
| VPL destination | primary somatosensory cortex |
| uncal herniation cause ipsilateral dilated pupil/ptosis | CN3 stretch |
| contralateral homonymous hemangiopia | compresion ipsilataeral PCA |
Created by:
ilovemusic007
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