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Sociology
Stack #93439
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drug | any substance other than food that alters the structure or functioning of a living organism when it enters the bloodstream |
| Drug Abuse | occurs when acceptable social standers of drug use are violated, resulting in adverse psychological, and or social consequences |
| Drug Addiction | refers to a condition in which drug use is compulsive. Users are unable to stop because of their dependency |
| Symbolic interactionism | emphasizes the importance of definitions and labeling, concentrates on the social meanings associated with drug use |
| Harm reduction | position which focuses on minimizing the costs of drug use for both user and society |
| Deregulation | reduction of government control of certain drugs |
| Legalization | of drugs affirm the right of adults to make an informed choice |
| Decriminalization | removing of penalties for certain drugs, would promote a medical rather than criminal approach to drug use that would encourage drug users to seek help |
| Restorative justice | repairing the victim-offender-community relation in direct response to the concerns of the criminal justice system that encourages offenders to deny, justify, or avoid taking responsibility for their actions |
| Probation | entails the conditional release of an offender who for a specific time period and subject to certain conditions remains under court supervision in the community |
| Deterrence | the use of harm or the threat of harm to prevent unwanted behaviors |
| Situational crime prevention | crime could be prevented by minimizing the opportunity for its occurrence |
| Status offense | a violation such as truancy, underage drinking, or running away from home |
| Delinquent offense | - would be considered a crime if committed by an adult |
| Corporate crime | corporations violate the law in the interest of maximizing profit |
| Corporate violence | production of unsafe products and the failure of corporation to provide a safe working environment for their employees result of negligence |
| Fastest growing | computer crime |
| White collar crime | individuals commit crimes in the course of their employment |
| Organized Crime | criminal activity conducted by members of hierarchically arranged structure devoted primarily to making money through illegal means |
| Vice crimes | are victimless crimes include illegal drugs, prostitution, pornography, illegal gambling |
| Property crime | someone’s property is damaged, destroyed or stolen |
| Classic rape | rapist is a stranger who used a weapon and the attack results in bodily harm |
| Acquaintance rapes | - rapes committed by someone the victim knows |
| Differential association | through interaction with others, individuals learns the values and attitudes associated with crime as well as the techniques and motivations for criminal behavior |
| Secondary deviance | results from being caught and labeled |
| Primary deviance | committed before a person is caught and labeled a offender |
| Labeling Theory | How do crime and deviance come to be defined as such and what are the effects of being labeled criminal or deviant? |
| Conflict Perspective | deviance is inevitable whenever two groups have differing degrees of power, the more inequality in a society the greater the crime rate. |
| Control Theory | a strong social bond between individuals and the social order constrains some individuals from violating social norms |
| Sub cultural theories | certain groups or subcultures in society have values and attitudes that are conducive to crime and violence |
| Ritualism | : individual accepts a lifestyle of hard work but rejects the cultural goal of monetary rewards |
| Rebellion | : substitutes new goals or means that differ from societies |
| Retreatist | withdraws or retreats from society through alcohol, drugs, or vagrancy |
| Structural-Functionalist Perspective | crime is functional for society. Crime strengthens group cohesion can lead to social change |
| Strain Theory | argues that when legitimate means of acquiring culturally defined goals are limited by the structure of society, the resulting strain, may lead to crime |
| Self- Report Offender Surveys | ask offenders about their criminal behavior but may be subject to exaggerations and concealment |
| Victimization Surveys | ask people whether they have been victims of crime-provide less reliable data on offenders |
| Transnational crime | “organized criminal activity across one or more national borders”. Is induced by recent trends in globalization i.e. enhanced transportation and communication technologies |
| Clearance rates | measure the percentage of cases in which an arrest and official charge have been made and the case has been turned over to the courts |
| theft | most common crime commited |
Created by:
Winona11
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