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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lepromatous TB | low cell-mediated immunity with a humoral Th2 response |
| tuberculoid TB | high cell mediated immmunity with a Th1 reponse; limited to a few skin plaques |
| bacteria infects skin and superficial nerves, likes cool temps | M. leprae |
| tx of leprosy | dapsone 2. rifampin and combination of clofazimine and dapsone |
| toxicity of dapsone | hemolysis and methemoglobinemia |
| prophylaxis tx for MAC | azithromycin |
| recurring fever due to antigenic variation | Trypanosoma brucei |
| tx for trypanosoma | suramin for blood borne disease or melasoprol for CNS penetratio |
| pleuritic pain, hemoptysis, infiltrates on imaging in HIV pt | invasive aspergillosis |
| TB like disease in HIV | MAC Cd4<50 |
| biopsy revelas neutrophilic inflammation (of derm) in HIV | bartonella hensleae |
| due to reactivation of a latent virus, results in demyelination CD4<200 in HIV | encephalopathy - JC virus -> PML |
| biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation in HIV | HHV8 -> Kaposi's |
| on lateral tongue of HIV | hairy leukoplakia- EBV |
| during latent phase, where does the virus replicate for HIV? | lymph nodes |
| stages of infxn in HIV | 1. flulike acute; 2. feeling fine (latent); 3. falling count; 4. final crisis |
| HIV diagnosis first? | 1. ELISA (Sensitive, high false positive rate; RULE OUT test) |
| HIV diagnosis second | 2. Western blot assay (specific, high false negative rate; RULE IN) |
| AIDS diagnosis | < or = CD4 200 or CD4/8 ratio < 1.5 |
| caveat to tests for HIV | they look for Ab to viral proteins; often falsely neg in first 1-2 mo of HIV infection; falsely positive in babies to infected mothers (anti gp120 corsses placenta) |
| gp120 - attachment to host cell | gp41- fusion and entry |
| gag p24 | capsid protein |
| pol | reverse transcriptase |
| RNA is a ___ genome? | diploid - 2 molecules of RNA |
| what does the virus bind for hiv on T cells | CXCR4 or CCR5 co-receptor and CD4 on T cells |
| what does virus bind on macrophages? for HIV | CCR5 and CD4 |
| homozygous CCR5 mutation? | GOOD = immunity |
| heterozygous CCR5 mutation | slower course |
| anti HAVAb IgM | IgM antibody to HAV= active hepatitis A |
| anti HAVAb IgG | prior HAV infection; protects against reinfection |
| HbsAg | antigen found on surface of HBV- hepatities B infection |
| anti HbsAg | antibody to HbSAg- immunity to hep B |
| HbCag | antigen associated with core of HBV |
| anti-HBcAg | antibody to HBcAg; IgM = acute/recent infection; IgG = chronic disease/ Positive during window period |
| HBeAg | a second, different antigenic determinant in the HBV core. active viral replication and high transmissibility |
| anti-hbEAG | antibody to e antigen; low transmissibility |
| acute HBV | HBsAg, HBeAg, anti HbCag IgM |
| window | Anti HBcAg |
| chronic HBV high infectivity | HBsAg, HBeAg, anti HbCag IgG |
| chronic HBC low infectivity | HBsQg, antiHBeAg, anti HbCag IGG |
| RNA hepevirus | HEV |
| fecal oral, especially with waterborne epidemics hepatitis | HEV |
| carrier state for Hepatitis | Hep B, C, and D |
| incubation is short | Heb A and Hep E |
| HCC risk | Hep B from oncogene; hep C from chronic inflammation |
| high mortality in pregnant women hepatitis | Hep E |
| signs and symptoms of all heptatitis virus | fever, jaundice, elevated ALT and AST |
| naked virsues do not rely on an envelope therefore? | they are not destroyed by the gut = HAV and HEV |
| cellular RNA polymerase transcribes RNA from DNA template in which hepatitis? | HBV |
| what does reverse transcriptase do? | it transcribes RNA intermediates into DNA genome |
| what is reverse transcriptase in HBV? | DNA dependent RNA polymerase |
| fever, weight loss, malaise, HA, abdominal pain, melena, HTN, neurologic dysfunction, cutaneous eruptions (purple over skin) | PAN - a/w Hep B |
| travels to CNS by migrating in retrograde fashion up nerve axons | rabies |
| parotitis, orchitis, aseptic meningitis | mumps paramyxovirus |
| giant cell pneumonia as sequelae (rarely, in immunosuppressed) | measles |
| paramyxoviruses | parainfluenza (croup); mumps, measles, RSV |
| characteristic of paramyxocirus | contain surface F(Fusion) protein, which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells |
| prevention for pneumonia in premature infants | palivizumab (monoclonal ab against F protein) |
| togavirus | rubella, eastern and western equine encephalitis |
| influenza virus is what viral family? | orthomyxovirus- enveloped, negative SS RNA with 8 segment genome |
| contains hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens | influenza virus |
| hemagglutinin | in influenza virus - promotes viral entry |
| neuraminidase | in influenza virus - promotes progeny virion release |
| segmented dsRNA virus | reovirus - rotavirus, voltivirus (colorado tick fever) |
| mechanism of diarrhea for rotavirus | villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of Na and water |
| flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquito | yellow fever virus |
| high fever, black vomit, jaundice | yellow fever |
| acid labile - destroyed by stomach acid, therefore does not infect the GI tract | rhinovirus |
| all picornaviruses can cause aseptic (viral) meningitis except? | rhinovirus and HAV |
| negative stranded viruses have? | own RNA dependent RNA polymerase |
| negative strnaded RNA viruses | Arenaviruses, Bunyavirus, Paramyxovirus, Orthomyxovirus, Filovirus, Rhabdovirus |
Created by:
ilovemusic007
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