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Microbiology Morris
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is Klebsiellia pneumoniae gram positive or negative? | gram positive |
| What is the etiologic agent for TB? | Mycobacterium Tuberculosis |
| How does TB look in a Gram Stain? | Either stains very weak gram positive or will not hold stain because high lipid and mycolic acid content of its cell wall. |
| What is coccidioidomycosis? | fungal infection found in soil |
| What part of the US is the endemic for coccidioidomycosis in? | Southwestern US |
| What type of patient is effected by PCP? | Most common in patients with HIV or immunosuppressed |
| What is the treatment for PCP? | antibiotics such as Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and corticoid steriods in HIV patients |
| What type of infection can children have or have been exposed to that leads to encephalopthy when treated with aspirin? | chickenpox or influenza |
| What factors result from Reyes syndrome? | brain dysfunction such as drowsiness and combative behavior can lead to coma and death. After treatment subjects may have neurological damage. |
| How long does it take after consumption for symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning to begin? | 1-6 hours |
| What are the symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning? | nausea, vomiting,itching,jaundice,liver pain |
| Signs and Symptoms of Hepatitis B | abdominal pain,dark urine,fever,joint pain,loss of appetite, nausea, yellowing of skin and eyes |
| What is a peptic ulcer? | sore on lining of stomach and duodenum |
| What is are the characteristics of helicobacter pylori? | peptic ulcer;damages mucous coating that protects the stomach |
| What are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer caused by helicobactor pylori? | pain in stomach from naval to sternum,pain is worse when hungry,vomiting blood,dark stool and unexplained weight loss |
| What causes pseudomembranous collitus? | unbalance of healthy bacteria caused by antibiotics |
| What organism causes pseudomembranous collitus? | clostridium difficile |
| What are the symptoms of pseudomembranous collitus? | diarrhea,abdominal cramps,fever,pus or mucus in stool,nauseua |
| What is the treatment for psuedomembranous collitus? | stopping your current antibiotic and starting an antibiotic that's effective against C. difficile |
| What are the symptoms of Vibrio? | vommiting, diarhea, abdominal discomfort |
| What organism causes Vibrio poisoning? | Vibrio vulnificus |
| What is cytomeglavirus? | type of herpes virus |
| What are the cytopathic effects of cytomeglavirus? | acidophilic inclusion bodies in the nucleus and cytoplasm |
| Explain why colonization of microorganisms is not necessary for the virulence of the botulism. | there are no signs or symptoms |
| What is botulinum neurotoxin? | most powerful neurotoxin yet discovered |
| What organism causes botulism? | clostridium botulinum |
| What is aflatoxins? | a mycotoxin produced by fungus aspergillus flavus. A common mold mostly found in peanuts. |
| What organ does aflatoxin effect? | liver |
| What organs are effected by PID? | uterus,cervix,uterine tubes,ovaries |
| What is a major consequence of recurring PID? | salpingitis |
| What is salpingitis?and what is the result of it? | infection of the uterine tube; can cause scarring and lead to infertility |
| What causes syphilis? | gram-negative spirochete trepenoma pallidum |
| What disease is related to a chancre? | syphilis |
| What organism causes chancres? | trepenoma pallidum |
| What tests are used to diagnose syphilis? | VDRL,RPR,RDT,FTA-ABS |
| What organism most frequently causes UTI? | E.Coli |
| What organism causes travelers diarrhea? | E.coli |
| How can you prevent travelers diarrhea? | boil water,eat freshly cooked foods,eats fruits and vegetables |
| Is there a vaccine for travelers diarrhea? | No but there are prophylactic antibiotics (antibiotics taken before the person is exposed to the pathogen) but they are not reccomended |
| How is travelers diarrhea treated? | anti-diarrhea agents and antibiotics |
| What are the consequences of untreated gonorrhea in women? | they are more susceptible to pelvic inflammatory infections resulting in scaring of the uterine tubes and ovaries causing infertility |
| What are the consequences of untreated gonorrhea in both genders? | inflammation of joints,infertility, ectopic pregnancy, peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease |
| What factors predispose people to UTI? | diabetes, pregnancy, toxemia,kidney stones,tumors |
| Why do women have UTIs more frequently then men? | because they have a shorter urinary tract |
| What organism causes trichomoniasis? | the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis |
| What disease is associated with delusion of grandeur? | bipolar disorder |
| What are the symptoms of congenital syphilis? | in newborns: failure to gain weight, Irritability,No bridge to nose (saddle nose) Rash, genitalia, and anus,Watery discharge from the nose |
| What happens when newborns are exposed to group B streptococcus? | s the most common cause of sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia. |
| What is given to patients with a puncture wound to prevent tetanus? | tetanus immune globulin |
| How are humans infected by rabies? | through a bite or scratch from an infected animal; in the US bats are number one |
| What are the vectors that transmit rabies? | racoons,skunks, foxes, dogs, bats and cats |
| What effect does rabies have on the nervous system? | sensory nerve endings in the head, face, neck and fingers have high fatality rate, nerves of salivary glands cause painful throat and voice box spasms, making it difficult for to swallow. Read more: How Does Rabies Affect the Nerves? | eHow.com http:// |
| What organism causes african sleeping sickness? | protozoan trypanosoma brusei |
| What is the best way to control the disease african sleeping sickness? | to eliminate the vector the tsetse fly |
| What are some characteristics of Hepatitis D? | High mortality rate, severe liver damage, also are infect by HBV, either acute or chronic |
| How does HDV differ from HBV and HPC? | much higher mortality rate, severe liver damage, contains a single strand of RNA that is shorter than any other animal infecting virus |
| How is Hepatitis A contracted? | ingestion |
| How is Hepatitis C transmitted? | through infected blood; blood transfusions |
| What is the serum marker for HBV? | HBsAg |
| Is nesseria gram positive or negative? | gram negative |
| Is nesseria streptococal,diplococal or staphlococcal? | diplococcal |
| How is bacterial meningitis diagnosed? | purple or red rash on the skin, stiff neck,spinal tap |
| what organism causes meningeal coccal meningitis | bacterium Neisseria meningitidis |
| What are the symptoms of diptheria? | A sore throat and hoarseness,Painful swallowing,Swollen glands (enlarged lymph nodes) in your neck,A thick, gray membrane covering your throat and tonsils,Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing Nasal discharge,Fever and chills,Malaise |
| What happens to the respiratory tract during diptheria? | it gets inflamed |
| What problems arise from antigenically different microorganisms? | prevent creation of vaccines for certain bacteria |
| What effect does Haemophilus influenzaes on meningitis? | causes H. influenzae meningitis |
| What disease is associated with pigeon droppings? | Histoplasmosis,Cryptococcosis,Psittacosis |
| who developed pasteurization | louis pastuer |
| What causes Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease? | prions |
| What organism causes lymonogranuloma? | Chlamydia trachomatis. |
| What is the definition of an antibody? | A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. |
| What is the definition of an antigen? | A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, esp. the production of antibodies. |
| What are soft growths on the skin and mucus membranes of the genitals? | Genital Warts |
| Where can genital warts be found? | They may be found on the penis, vulva, urethra, vagina, cervix, and around and in the anus. |
| What are the signs and symptoms of genital warts? | clusters of warts on outside of the vulva or penal head; in some cases infection may be latent for 30 days to decade with no symptoms |
| How are genital warts transmitted? | they are a STI so they are transmitted through sexual intercourse |
| What organism causes genital warts? | human papillomavirus |
| How are genital warts treated? | the focus for treatment of genital warts is cosmetic the warts my be removed but that does not cure the HPV |
| What organism causes PID? | Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| How can PID be transmitted? | Since it is mainly caused by 2 STD it is mainly transmitted sexually |
| What are the signs and symptoms of tetanus? | Spasms and stiffness in your jaw muscles Stiffness of your neck muscles,Difficulty swallowing,Stiffness of your abdominal muscles,Painful body spasms |
| What is the Blood brain barrier? | is a separation of circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid (BECF) in the central nervous system (CNS) |
| What effect does BBB have on treatment of meningitis? | It makes the treatment more difficult because a lot of antibiotics cannot cross the barrier or if they do can cause severe complications |
| How can tuleremia be transmitted? | it is vector bourne Tick or deer fly bites,Handling infected animals, by inhaling contaminated dust or aerosols |
| What organism causes tuleremia? | F. tularensis bacteria |
| What vectors transmit tuleremia? | ticks or deer flies and infected animals |
| How is CMV transmitted from mother to fetus? | The virus in the mother’s blood crosses over the placenta and infects the fetus’ blood. |
| What are the effects on newborns who have been infected with CMV? | Hearing loss,Vision loss,Mental disability,Small head size,Lack of coordination,Seizures |
| What are the S&S of endocarditis? | Fever,Chills,Fatigue,Aching joints and muscles,Night sweats,Shortness of breath, Paleness,Persistent cough,Swelling in your feet, legs or abdomen,Unexplained weight loss,Blood in your urine,Tenderness in your spleen,Osler's nodes — red, tender spots under |
| How is endocarditis treated? | Antibiotics and sometimes surgery if damage is done to organ |
| What is brucellosis? | is an infectious disease that occurs from contact with animals carrying Brucella bacteria |
| what is another name for brucellosis? | undulant fever |
| What organism causes brucellosis? | Brucella bacteria |
| What diseases does the epstein-barr virus play a great role? | Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| Is microbacillus anthracus aerobic or anaerobic? | aerobic |
| Is microbacillus anthracus gram positive or negative? | gram-positive |
| Where is microbacillus anthacus found? | the host is infected animals but dead Carcasses can end up in the soil contaminating the soil |
| Where is microbacillus anthacus considered endemic | endemic are found in South and Central America, eastern and southern Europe, in Asia, and in Africa. |
| What is the vector for malaria? | anopheles mosquito |
| What is the vector for dungue fever? | atis mosquito |
| What is the vector for rocky mountain spotted fever? | dementor tick |
| What is the vector for epidemic typhus? | louse |
| Symptoms of bubonic plague | Sudden onset of fever and chills,Headache, Fatigue or malaise, Muscle aches |
| Symptoms of Septicemic plague | Fever and chills,Abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting, Bleeding from your mouth, nose or rectum, or under your skin, Shock, Blackening and death of tissue (gangrene) in your extremities |
| Symptoms of Pneumonic plague | Cough, with bloody sputum, Difficulty breathing, High fever, Nausea and vomiting, Weakness |
| What animal is plague an endemic in? | rats |
| When is the last time plague was seen in the US | 1983 |
| What organism causes plague? | gram-negative rod shaped bacteria yersinia pestis |
| What is septicemia? | blood poisoning |
| Endotoxin septic shock is | septic shock due to release of endotoxins by gram-negative bacteria. |
| What diseases have arthropod reservoir? | epidemic typhus, plague, yellow fever, malaria |
| What animal causes toxoplasmosis? | cat |
| What effect does toxoplasmosis have on pregnancy? | mental or motor developmental delays, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy,miscarriage, stillbirth, or death |
| Symptoms of puerperal sepsis | Fever,Flu-like symptoms,Abdominal pain,Foul-smelling vaginal discharge,Abnormal vaginal bleeding |
| What organism causes puerperal sepsis? | Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus |
| What is the infected organism for rheumatic fever? | group A Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Symptoms of gas gangrene | subcutaneous emphysema, Blisters filled with brown-red fluid, Drainage from the tissues, foul-smelling brown-red or bloody fluid, tachycardia, Moderate to high fever, Moderate to severe pain around a skin injury, Pale skin color, later becoming dusky and |
| What type of organisms causes malaria? | parasite Plasmodium falciparum |
| What is the treatment for malaria? | depends on severity, oral drugs |
| What organism causes toxoplasmosis? | protozoa Toxoplasma gondii |
| How is rickttsia transmitted? | ectoparasites such as fleas, lice, mites, and ticks |
| what type of microorganism causes zoonosis? | parasite or virus |
Created by:
bjustice
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