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Head,neck,mouth,sinu
ch13&14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| most common medical complaint | headaches |
| recurrent headaches are symptoms of | chronic primary headache disorder |
| headaches may be associated with | opthalmologic problems, dental problems, sinusitis, infections, side effects from prescriptions, hemorrhage, tumor or increased cranial pressure |
| Prevalence of migraines | 1 yr: 18% of F, 6% of M, 4% of children |
| migraines start | at any time |
| most succeptible to migraines | young females |
| frequency of migraines | decrease with age, |
| how do migraines start | with an aura from vasospasm of intracranial arteries |
| aura | particular sensation that is a warning sign |
| feeling of migraines | throbbing unilateral distribution of pain |
| what accompanies migraines | depression, restlessness, irritability, photophobia, nausea, vomiting |
| migraines can last | up to 72hrs |
| cluster headache prevalence | more common in men. 3rd-4th decades, familial association |
| most painful primary headache | cluster headaches |
| feeling of cluster headaches | intense episodes of excruciating pain, burning, boring, stabbing pain behind one eye |
| how long can cluster headaches last | 1/2 hr to 1 hr, repeat daily for weeks with remissions, period lasts for 6-12 wks wiht remissions for years |
| cluster headaches can be accompanied by | unilateral ptosis, ipsilateral lacrimation, nasal stuffiness, drainage |
| tension headaches most common in | adults 20-40yrs |
| in tension headaches pain described as | bilateral, diffuse, or confined to specific area, feels like a band around head |
| length of tension headache | onset gradual, may last for days |
| tension headaches may be accompained by | contraction of skeletal m of face, jaw and neck |
| prevalence of tension headaches | onset is gradual, may last for days |
| prost traumatic headache | secondary to head injury or concussion |
| most common cause of post traumatic headache | MVA |
| pain in post traumatic headaches | dull, generalized head pain |
| post traumatic headaches accompanied by | lack of ability to concentrate, giddiness, dizziness |
| how long do post traumatic headaches last after injury | days to weeks |
| auscultation in hyperthyroidism | may hear bruits |
| graves disease is the most common cause of | hyperthyroidism |
| prevalence of hyperthyroidism | <1% of US population, more common in females (5x) btwn 20-40yrs |
| increased metabolism | hyperthyroidism |
| symptoms of hyperthyroidism | increased secretion of thyroid hormone, thyroid enlargement (goiter), exopthalmos |
| symptoms of hypothyroidism | decreased thyroid hormone production, decreased metabolism, may have goiter, increased TSH compensatory response |
| intolerant of heat | hyperthyroidism |
| intolerant of cold | hypothyroidism |
| hypothyroidism caused by | autoimmune thyroiditis, congenital defect, iodine def, treatment for hyperthyroidis, (resection, drugs), atrophy |
| prominence of eyeballs | hyperthyroidism |
| tachycardia, palpations | hyperthyroidism |
| bradycardia | hypothryroidism |
| increased appetitie | hyper |
| decreased appetitie | hypo |
| tremor m weakness | hyper |
| m aching, stiffness | hypo |
| most common endocrine malignancy | thyroid cancer |
| thyroid cancer prevalence | in those < 40 3x more likely to have lymphadenopathy |
| thryoid cancer begins as | a small nodule on the gland |
| as thyroid cancer grows | voice changes, swallowing problems (tumor invasion of larynx, trachea, espohagus) |
| frequently no clinical symptoms in | thyroid cancer |
| nasal polyps are associated with | asthma, allergic rhinitis, nasal irritation or infection, in children- cystic fibrosis |
| symptoms of nasal polyps | obstruction of nasal passageway or discharge |
| symptoms of allergic rhinitis | itchy eyes, cough, fatigue, sneezing, nasal congestion or discharge |
| acute sinusitis caused by | infection from pooling of secretions, often after upper respiratory infection (bacterial growth) |
| pain with sinusitis | throbbing pain with affected sinus, tender to palpation |
| symptoms of acute sinusitis | fever, thick discharge, swollen red nasal mucosa |
| transillumination with acute sinustitis | absence of red glow |
| normal finding of transillumination of sinus | red glow when fluid in sinuses |
| inspection of someone with nasal poylps | polyps appear as pale gray tissue enlargments within the nasal cavity |
| edema, nasal discharge and crusting are | signs of nasal infection, allergy or injury |
| deviated septum | if it causes decrease in airflow its abnormal |
| watery unilateral nasal discharge following a history of head injury may indicate | skull fracture |
| normal findings of the nose | smooth intact skin, similar color, symmetric, no flaring or narrowing of nares, no tenderness, when occuluding a nostril free exchange of air, should be darker red inside than oral mucosa, straight & midline nasal septum, no perforations, deep pink turbs |
| tenderness on plpation of sinuses can indicate | congestion or infection |
| olfactory N | CN 1- have client close eyes and mouth, hold one nostril closed at a time and hold coffee or lemon under nare, this tests this N |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| dysphagia can be secondary to | infection, foreign body, inflammatory process, muscular deficit, neurologic disorder (stroke) |
| normal findings of teeth and lips | 32 teeth, upper back teeth rest on lower back with upper incisors overriding lower ones, even space teeth, firmly anchored, lips color symmetric, smooth, moist, slight vertical lines, distinct border btwn skin and lips, pink mucosa and gingiva |
| normal findings of bucal muccosa | pale coral pink with slight vasucularity, smooth, transvers occlusion line where teeth meet, clear saliva cover surface, pinpoint red mark (parotid gland), sweet to no odor |
| tongue normal findings | smooth and even, slight roughness from papillae on dorsum, ventral surface is pale coral pink, frenulum centered wiht submandibular duct on either side, |
| normal findings of uvula | hard palate should be smooth, pale and immovable with irregular transverse rugae, soft palate and uvula should be smooth and pink with uvula in midline |
| glossopharyngeal and vagus N | CN IX and CN X- have client say ahh, soft palate will raise symmetrically with uvula remaining in midline |
| Facial Nerve | CN VII- have client clench teeth and smile |
| normal findings of tonsils and pharynx | smooth, glistening pink, may be small irregular spots and small blood vessels, tonsils should be slightly pink with an irregular surface |
| salivation in infants | excess is normal btwn 3mo-2yrs until they learn to swallow it |
| how many decidous teeth | 20 |
| milia | normal bumps on infants nose |
| small white epithelial cells on palate or gums | normal in infants, called epsteins pearls or bohns nodules |
| milk deposit | white patch that can be scraped off |
| children have larger ___ than adults | tonsils |
| frontal sinuses absent until what age in children | 7-8yrs |
| nose in older adults | may be larger bc of unablated cartilage formation, decreased sense of smell, bc of decreased # of sensory cells in lining |
| mouth of older adult | thin buccal mucosa, less vasulature in buccal mucosa, tongue more fissured, darkened teeth, # of papillae and taste buds decrease |
| norm head circumference of child | 34-36 in |
| fontanels | slight depression, solft, slight pulsation |
| thyroid in older adults | thyroxine production decreases but tissue use of it decreases too |
Created by:
ashley0683
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