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DSST Env.Sci. Chp. 5
vocab. for DSST Env.Sci. from Environmental Science by Karen Arms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| algal bloom | excessive algae growth that forms large, floating mats |
| aquifer | an underground rock formation that contains water |
| artificial eutrophication | eutrophication that occurs because of the introduction of inorganic plant nutrients into a body of water through sewage and fertilizer runoff |
| biological magnification | accumulation of increasingly large amounts of a toxin within the tissues of organisms at each successive trophic level |
| Clean Water Act | act passed by U.S. Congress to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters |
| desalinization | process in which salt is removed from salt water, as from the oceans, rendering the water fit for drinking and cooking |
| desertification | deterioration of land to the point that it becomes desertlike |
| distillation | process of heating a liquid and cooling and condensing the resultant vapor to separate substances and produce a more-refined liquid |
| fresh water | water that contains little salt |
| groundwater | water that seeps down through the soil and is stored underground |
| irrigation | process of supplying water to an area by artificial means, such as ditches and sprinklers |
| Law of the Sea Treaty United Nations | treaty that states that the laws of a coastal nation extend to 22 km (12 nautical mi.) from its coastline |
| nonpoint pollution | pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single specific site; an example is pollution that reaches a body of water from streets and storm sewers |
| pathogens | disease-causing organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites |
| point pollution | pollution discharged from a single source, such as from a factory or wastewater treatment plant |
| recharge zone | area of land on the Earth’s surface from which groundwater originates |
| reservoir | artificial lake used to store water, control drainage, and provide recreation |
| reverse osmosis | desalinization process in which pressure is used to push water through a semipermeable membrane that will not permit salts to pass |
| sludge | solid material left over alter wastewater treatment |
| surface water | fresh water found above ground in lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams |
| thermal pollution | addition of excessive amounts of heat to a body of water, such as in runoff from industrial cooling systems |
| wastewater treatment plant | structure that filters out contaminants from wastewater |
| water pollution | introduction of foreign substances into water that degrade its quality, limit its use, and affect organisms living in it or drinking it |
| watershed | entire area of land that is drained by a river |
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