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Biology II exam
exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There are a variety of nutrients that you absolutely must get from your diet. (absolutely required) | Essential amino acids, water, minerals, essential fatty acids. |
| What nutrient, that you get from your diet, is not absolutely required? | Carbohydrates. |
| One of the biggest complications associated with kidney failure is: | An inability to remove toxic waste from the blood, an inability to regulate blood pH, an inability to regulate blood volume. |
| Is shock caused by dangerously high blood pressure? | No. |
| Is tuberculosis a bacterial infection of the alveoli that can take a long time to show symptoms? | Yes. |
| Is pneumonthorax a collapsed lung caused by pressure on the alveoli? | Yes. |
| Is emphysema a progressive deterioration of the lungs highly associated with smoking and long-term exposure to second hand smoke? | Yes. |
| This type of white blood cell initiates the inflammatory response by | Basophil; secreting histamine. |
| The coronary arteries supply blood to cardiac tissue. Based on its normal function, which chamber of the heart would require the greatest amount of blood supply to keep it working | Left ventricle. |
| Are essential amino acids ones that we require and must be made in the body? | No. |
| In a water soluble vitamin is the excess excreted in urine? | Yes. |
| Is a mineral a crystalline element or compound formed due to geological processes? | Yes. |
| Is a fat soluble vitamin stored in fat and can build up? | Yes. |
| Is a vitamin an organic compound required by an organism and provided by the diet? | Yes. |
| Hemoglobin (Hb) breakdown involves: | Most of the recycling process occurs in the liver; biliverdin is converted to bilirubin which exits with bile; old Hb is converted to biliverdin then bilirubin. |
| Hemoglobin (Hb) breakdown does not involve: | When RBCs die, iodine must be recycled. |
| The best (meaning most healthful) cholestrol profile is | HDL 55, LDL 95 |
| Monounsaturated fats: | are considered beneficial in moderation. |
| Trans fats: | are synthetic fats that should be eaten sparingly or avoided if possible. |
| Polyunsaturated fats: | does not contain any double bonds; should be avoided altogether. |
| Saturated fats: | usually come from animal sources; increase odds of heart disease. |
| Why do people breathe into paper bags when they are hyperventilating? | To increase CO2 levels. |
| Blood clotting formation for a major injury involves: | platelets aggregating at the injured site; vitamin K and calcium are required for this process; plasma proteins are involved in the process. |
| Blood clotting formation for a major injury does not involve: | the blood vessels dilating to increase blood flow to the injured area. |
| A person has glucose i their urine as determined by a urinalysis. The area of the nephron that must be malfunctioning is the: | proximal convoluted tubule. |
| Vitamin E's (tocopherol) major function: | is not blood clotting. |
| Vitamin B2's (riboflavin) major function: | used to make substances like NAD+ and FAD needed for cellular respiration. |
| Vitamin C's (ascorbic acid) major function: | antioxidant. |
| Vitamin A's (retinol) major function: | maintenance of epithelial tissue. |
| An average person circulates their entire blood volume through the heart and body once every: | minute. |
| When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity volume ____________ and you _____________. | Gets larger; inhale. |
| White blood cell, lymphocyte, has a function where: | some of these produce antibodies. |
| White blood cell, neutrophil, does not have a function where: | it initiates the inflammatory response. |
| White blood cell, eosinophil, has a function where: | it deals with fighting strange infectious agents such as parasites or worms. |
| White blood cell, monocyte, has a function where: | it performs phagocytosis. |
| White blood cell, basophil, has a function where: | it secretes the chemical heparin to prevent blood clotting. |
| The atria contract as the result of electrical stimulation from the _________ while the ventricles contract as a result of stimulation from the ___________. | SA node; AV node. |
| Concerning fiber: | Soluble fiber is more important in your diet than insoluble fiber. |
| During pulmonary gas exchange, oxygen and carbon dioxide always move: | from high to low concentration. |
| Many poor, starving college students get paid to donate plasma. What substance is not donated when the plasma is removed? | Red blood cells. |
| Blood pressure peaks when the heart contracts, pumping blood into the arteries and causing them to stretch - this is called the __________ pressure. Blood pressure is at its lowest when the heart relaxes, called the ____________ pressure. | Systolic; diastolic. |
| If you were to ingest calories equivalent to your basal metabolic rate on a daily basis, what would occur? | You would lose weight. |
| A patient has emergency coronary bypass surgery. The most likely reason they need this surgery is because they suffered from: | Coronary artery disease. |
| There are many reasons that a person might develop hypertension. One reason relates to issues with hormonal regulation. What could potentially influence hypertension? | Too much aldosterone. |
| Creatinine is the nitrogenous waste produced when creatine-PO4 is used. | Yes. |
| HCO3-(bicarbonate) helps in pH regulation in the nephrons. | Yes. |
| Ammonia is a highly toxic metabolic waste product converted to uric acid by the liver. | No. |
| Filtrate are substances from the blood that enter the nephrons. | Yes. |
| A patient has a chronic cardiac arrhythmia. The doctor decides the best solution to the problem is to: | replace the patient's SA node. |
| Which vessel is the only one that carries deoxygenated blood? | Pulmonary arteries. |
| How does the blood get back to the heart via veins? | Muscles around the veins contract to push it. |
| The appropriate pathway through the left side of the heart is: | Pulmonary arteries -> left atrium -> AV valve -> left ventricle -> SL valve -> aorta. |
| What structure should always be sterile? | Blood. |
| If you choose to eliminate a particular nutrient from your diet, you would probably have the least problems from eliminating _________ and the most problems from eliminating _____________. | Carbohydrates; proteins. |
| The hormone thrombopoeitin (TPO) acts to stimulate cells that are located in the ___________ of an adult: | Bone marrow. |
| What would you expect to see after eating or drinking highly acidic foods? | An increase in the amount of H+ in the urine. |
| Heart disease drug, diuretics: | do not increase blood pressure by reducing urine volume. |
| Heart disease drug, calcium channel blockers: | stabilize heart rhythm. |
| Heart disease drug, statins: | decrease cholesterol production in the liver. |
| Heart disease drug, beta blockers: | used to reduce heart rate and blood pressure. |
| Plasma protein, albumins, function: | transport proteins. |
| Plasma protein, globulins, function: | defense proteins such as antibodies. |
| Plasma protein, fibrinogen, function: | used for blood clotting. |
Created by:
britchwo
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