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Daniel's random 6
Week 2 continued
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HOw is foscarnet diff from all the other agents that bind and inhibit DNA polymerase in herpesvirus and reverse transcriptase in HIV? | it does not require activation intracellularly by viral or cellular kinases |
| what is required for S. viridans to adhere to valves and cause subacute endocarditis? | preexisting valve damage with deposition of platelets and fibrin |
| what outside the nucleus is involved in mRNA processing and regulation? | cytoplasmic P bodies |
| macrophages activated by? CD? | interferon gamma CD14 |
| how does hep B present? | prodromal period that is "serum sickness like" malaise, fever, skin rash, pruritis, lymphadenopathy, and joint pain; liver stuff after |
| measles complication occuring years after | SSPE CSF - oligoclonal bands of antibodies to the virus; anti-M component are absent |
| acute pericarditis 24 days following transmural MI. describe | pericardial inflammation overlying the necrotic segments of myocardium; both visceral and parietal pericardium |
| AICA stroke | 1. lateral pons (vistubular nuclei, FACIAL NUCLEUS, trigeminal nucleus, sympathetic fibers, cochlear nuclei) 2. middle and inferior Cerebral peduncles; Lateral pontine syndrome |
| lesion of what causes eyes to look...? 1. away from side of lesion 2. toward lesion | 1. PPRF 2. frontal eye fields |
| atropine poisoning mnemonic | blind as a bat; mad as a hatter; red as a beet; hot as a hare; dry as a bone; bowel and bladder lose their tone; heart runs alone |
| signs of klumpke's palsy and thoracic outlet syndrome | 1. hypothenar and thenar atrophy; 2. interosseos muscle atrophy; 3. sensory deficit -> medial forearm and hand; 4. moving head toward ipsilateral side -> disappearance of radial pulse |
| embryonal carcinoma | painful, usually mixed with other; may have increased HCG; when pure, normal AFP, glandular/papillary |
| medium used to isolate Neisseria species | Theyer martin selective medium -> chocolate (heated blood) agar; |
| What does theyer martin contain? | 1. vanco -> gram positive; 2. colistin (polymyxin) -> gram neg; 3. trimethoprim-> gram negative and other neisseria; 4. nystatin -> fungi |
| bilateral amygdala lesion | 1. kluver bucy; hypersexuality, hyperorality, disinhibited behavior |
| what virus is bilateral amygdala lesion associated with? | HSV1 |
| LGN | CN2 input, vision; destination is calcarine sulcus; lateral = light |
| teratoma males | mature is bad; increased HCG and/or AFP in 50% |
| leydig cell tumor | Reinke crystals; golden brown; androgen producing -> gynecomastia in man; precocious puberty in boys |
| sertoli cell tumor | androblastoma from sex cord stroma |
| what is most common testicular cancer in older man? | testicular lymphoma (not primary) |
| spermatocele | dilated epididymal duct |
| yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor boys | yellow, mucinous; schiller duval bodies; increased AFP |
| choriocarcinoma boys | increased HCG; disordered syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elemants; hematogenous mets to lungs; gynecomastia (hCG -> LH analog) |
| ornithine transcarbamolyase (OTC) deficiency | increased NH3; increased orotic acid (made from accumulated carbomyl phosphate); x lined; increased carbomyl phosphate |
| Carbomyl phosphate synthetase deficiency | increased NH3; decreased carbomyl phosphate; AR |
| charcot marie tooth disease | MC hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy; protein defects -> decreased structure and function of peripheral nerves or myelin sheath; inverted bottle appearance in lower legs |
| metachromic leukodystrophy | AR; lysosomal storage disease arylsulfatase A deficiency; buildup of sulfatides; impaired myelin sheath production -> ataxia, dementia |
| acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | multifocal perivenular inflammation and demyelination after enfection or vaccination - delayed hypersenstivitiy reaction - fever, HA, seizures 1-3 weeks after infx |
| reid index | mucous layer thickness/bronchial wall w.o cartilage; 40% is normal; increased in chronic bronchitis and asthma |
| glioblastoma multiforme | GFAP stain; pseudopalisading pleomorphic tumor cells -> border central necrosis and hemorrhage |
| pilocytic (low grade) astrocytoma | GFAP; cystic and solid; Rosenthal fibers -> eosinophilic, corkscrew fibers; good, benign |
| INO | 1. lateral gaze, medial rectal palsy in contralateral eye; 2. nystagmus in abducting eye; 3. convergence is normal MLF = MS |
| on histology, where are parietal cells located in stomach? | superficial gastric glands |
| endochondrial ossification | longitudinal bone |
| hemangioblastoma | usually cerebellar; VHL when found with retinal angiomas; foam cells and high vascularity |
| ependymoma | 4th ventricle; can cause hydrocephalus; bad prognosis; perivascular pseudorossettes; rod shaped blephorplasts (basal ciliary bodies) near nucleus |
| medulloblastoma | primited neuroectodermal tumor (PNET); can compress 4th ventricle -> hydrocephalus; very malignant; radiosensitive; solid; rosettes or perivascular pseudorosette pattern |
| "on-off"phenomenon vs. "wearing off" phenomenon | 1. unpredictable and dose independent- fluctuation in symptoms of advanced parkinson disease on long term L-dopa; 2. more predictable, dose dependent- progressive destruction of striatonigral dopaminergic neurons over time |
| MGN | input- superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum; info-hearing; destination- auditory cortex of temporal lobe; medial=music |
| free radical damage mechanism | 1. membrane lipid peroxidation; 2. protein modification 3. DNA breakage |
| examples of free radical damage | 1. retinopathy of prematurity 2. reperfusion 3. CCL4 -> liver necrosis 4. acetaminophen 5. iron overload 5. cirgarette smoke -> bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
| meinere's disease | triad: tinnitus, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss; 2. increased volume and pressure of endolymph in vestibular apparatus |
| parvovirus arthritis mimics what disease? | RA: symmetric, simialr joints |
| how is parvovirus different from RA? | RF is negative; self resolving |
| southwestern blot | identifies DNA binding proteins; transcription factors, nucleases, histines, etc |
| AICA stroke symptoms | 1. face paralysis, decreased lacrimation, salivation, decreased taste anterior 2/3 tongue, decreased corneal reflex 2. vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus 3. face decreased pain and temp 4. ipsilateral decreased hearing loss 5. ipsilateral Horner's |
| what produces aqueous humor in the eye? | ciliary epithelium |
| what agents block aqueous humor? | timolol, and other beta blockers; acetazolamide; alpha agonists |
Created by:
ilovemusic007
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