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Micro final (31-40)
Random facts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Classical approach | Introduced microbe is specific; self-sustaining; reaches equilibrium with host population, does not eradicate it; allowed to spread naturally |
| Augmentative approach | Introduced host-specific microbial pesticide is artificially multiplied before release at a critical time; not self-sustaining. Once host destroyed microbial pesticide disappears |
| Advantages of Biological Pesticides | No Resistance in Pest Population, Host Specific, no toxicity to Non-Target Organisms, No Harmful Toxic Residues in the Environment, No Contamination of Ground Water,Development Cost Substantially Lower |
| Disadvantages of bio pesticides | Cost of microbial production > cost of chemical production, Problems with mass formulation & delivery technology |
| Baculoviruses | Insect Viruses |
| Nuclear polyhedrosis virus | replicate in host cell nucleii |
| Granulosis virus | develop in nucleus or cytoplasm of host fat, tracheal, or epidermal cells |
| Entomopox virus | attacks grub bettle |
| Typhula iridescent virus | attacks larvae of crane fly |
| Sacbrood virus | attacks larvae of bees |
| Infective unit of Fungi | spore |
| Fungi kill by | Pathological change in blood, Histological action Mechanical blockage of gut by mycelium, Physical damage by mycelium Mycotoxin production |
| Protoza infection | Chronic usually don't kill host |
| Protoza infection transferred | Oral, transovum (egg surface), transovarian (inside insect egg) |
| Sulfur cycle | Important in amino acids/disulfide bridges in proteins and as final e- acceptor during anaerobic respiration. |
| Nitrogen cycle | Nitrogen important in synthesis of amino acids/proteins and aminated sugars (cell wall synthesis), and nucleic acids. |
| Ammonification | Nitrogen to ammonia (many microbes can do) |
| Nitrification | ammonia to nitrate (few mic) |
| Nitrates added to meat to - | inhibit Clostridium botulinum |
| Denitrification | fixed nitrogen to molecular nitrogen |
| Mycorrhizal fungi | Mutualistic fungi and plants |
| Prevention of decay | Asepsis (sanitary), filtration/centrifugation, High temps |
| pH for dairy should be | 4.3-4.5 |
| Bakers yeast | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| Basic Production | fermentation, aeration, pH, temp, batch vs continuous |
| Antibiotics | secondary shunt metabolites |
| Composting | Microbiological breakdown of solid materials. Aerobic process that reaches temperatures up to 60 C (140 F). Compost pile should be turned before temp > 68 C (155 F). Sufficient moisture. Takes approximately 4 weeks for completion. |
| Biological oxygen demand | Quantity of oxygen required for microbial biochemical decomposition (oxidation) of organic material. |
| Endotoxin | Gram - only toxic if released from cell |
| Exotoxic | Very toxic Gram + and Gram - |
| Mycotoxins | Most toxic secondary metabolites made by fungus |
Created by:
Larycraig
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