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SW/GW Test Prep
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a major source of freshwater in the United States? | groundwater |
| Groundwater flows through permeable sediment and rock, called | aquifers |
| Impermeable layers that are barriers to groundwater flow are called | aquicludes |
| This is material is a common type of aquiclude | clay |
| Flow velocity of groundwater depends on the slope of the land and | the permeability of the material through which the water flows. |
| The water table near a swamp is | at the surface |
| The water table near hilltops can be | tens to hundreds of meters below the surface. |
| A confined aquifer is located between | aquicludes |
| ____________ aquifers are the most easily polluted. | unconfined |
| Name two common sources of groundwater pollution | sewage and harmful chemicals |
| The process by which precipitation that has fallen on land trickles into the ground and becomes groundwater is known as? | infiltration |
| Name a location that would allow the least amount of water to be absorbed into the ground. | a mountain |
| Name a location that would allow the most amount of water to be absorbed into the ground. | a grassy terrain |
| A word to describe a material that can hold a lot of water is | porosity |
| Water can flow more easily through an aquifer if the material has a high | permeability |
| An aquifer that contains water under pressure is called | an artesian well |
| Artesian wells occur when the recharge area is above the rest of the | aquifer |
| The region below Earth's surface in which groundwater completely fill all the pores of a material is called the | zone of saturation |
| The upper boundary of the zone of saturation is the | water table |
| In this zone, the materials are moist so most of the spaces contain air | aeration |
| Only water in this zone can be called groundwater | zone of saturation |
| Water that flows downslope along Earth's surface is called | runoff |
| What can be assumed about the ground if a puddle forms? | The ground does not have enough open spaces to absorb the water or the pores already contain water and cannot absorb any more. |
| What type of sediments have the largest porosity? | well sorted |
| Describe how an unsorted sediment sample looks. | Smaller particles occupy some of the pore spaces between larger sediments and reduces porosity. |
| Groundwater would flow better through a well sorted sediment or an unsorted sediment? | well-sorted |
| Would well-sorted or an unsorted sand grains have a greater permeability? | well-sorted |
| Match the type of water to the correct percentage. WETLANDS | 0.03% |
| Match the type of water to the correct percentage. LAKES | 0.26% |
| Match the type of water to the correct percentage. RIVERS | 0.006% |
| Match the type of water to the correct percentage. GROUNDWATER | 30.1% |
| Match the correct residence time to the type of water. RIVERS | 2 Weeks |
| Match the correct residence time to the type of water. GROUNDWATER | Hundreds to thousands of years |
| Match the correct residence time to the type of water. LAKES | Tens of years |