extinct group of flying reptiles. had hollow, air-filled bones and keeled breastbone for flight muscles. divided into ramphorhynchoids and pterodactyloids.

birds. descended from theropod dinosaurs

bats. only mammals which exhibit true flight,

formed by mambrane of skin that stretches from the thorax to a dramatically lengthened middle finger

airfoil shape. flight feathers supported along length of the ulna, palm, and second digit. first and third digits very reduced and 4th and 5th lost entirely.

formed by membranes of skin which extend between each elongated digit and to the body. ulna is greatly reduced and radius is enlarged.

four forces involved in flight

lift, thrust, gravity, and drag

structure which can be placed along the leading edge of the wing to reduce the speed at which stalling occurs (slotting between primary feathers or group of small feathers on first digit in birds)

small, had teeth and a long tail, lacked bony crest on head

evolved directly from rhamphohynchoids. varied from small to very large. had short tails, developed crests on the skull, some lacked teeth.

birds. have feathers, break with no teeth, four-chambered heart, and lay hard-shelled eggs. have hollow bones which connect to the respiratory system. spine has fused sections to support flight muscles.

large coracoid bones meant for muscle attachment for flight

bats. suborders include Microchiroptera (use echolocation) and Megachiroptera (do not use echolocation)

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Vertebrates, pt 2

Biology 192 lab

Question	Answer
three vertebrates flight has developed in independently	pterosaurs, birds, and bats
Pterosaurs	extinct group of flying reptiles. had hollow, air-filled bones and keeled breastbone for flight muscles. divided into ramphorhynchoids and pterodactyloids.
Aves	birds. descended from theropod dinosaurs
Chiroptera	bats. only mammals which exhibit true flight,
pterosaur wing	formed by mambrane of skin that stretches from the thorax to a dramatically lengthened middle finger
bird wing	airfoil shape. flight feathers supported along length of the ulna, palm, and second digit. first and third digits very reduced and 4th and 5th lost entirely.
bat wing	formed by membranes of skin which extend between each elongated digit and to the body. ulna is greatly reduced and radius is enlarged.
four forces involved in flight	lift, thrust, gravity, and drag
wing slot	structure which can be placed along the leading edge of the wing to reduce the speed at which stalling occurs (slotting between primary feathers or group of small feathers on first digit in birds)
rhamphohynchoids	small, had teeth and a long tail, lacked bony crest on head
pterodactyloids	evolved directly from rhamphohynchoids. varied from small to very large. had short tails, developed crests on the skull, some lacked teeth.
Aves	birds. have feathers, break with no teeth, four-chambered heart, and lay hard-shelled eggs. have hollow bones which connect to the respiratory system. spine has fused sections to support flight muscles.
synsacrum	large coracoid bones meant for muscle attachment for flight
Chiropotera	bats. suborders include Microchiroptera (use echolocation) and Megachiroptera (do not use echolocation)

Created by: AngryEggplant

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