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Ecology CrssWrd
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Type of ecology that studies and tries to improve relationships between urban development and ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems | Landscape |
| How populations interact with other populations | Community |
| Organisms that feed on other organisms | Predators |
| Organisms that vie for resources | Competitors |
| Type of Ecology that studies evolutionary histories of species and the interactions between them | Evolutionary |
| Non-living parts of the ecosystem | Abiotic |
| The living part of the Earth | Biosphere |
| Type of model that is a formalization of relationships between variables in the form of mathematical equations | Statistical |
| The study of how organisms relate to their environment | Ecology |
| An "educated guess" | Hypothesis |
| True or False. Long wavelengths have more energy than short ones. | False |
| Way to remember the colours of the visible spectrum | ROYGBIV |
| Place that the Norse left due to the Little Ice Age | Greenland |
| The long term average pattern of weather and may be local, regional, or global | Climate |
| Deflection of air due to Earth's rotation | Coriolis |
| Animals that see in the UV range | Bees |
| Type of cooling that occurs due to expansion | Adiabatic |
| Essential for keeping water vapor from escaping into space | Tropopause |
| Approximate % of incoming solar radiation absorbed by clouds | Three |
| Precipitation that occurs when moist air collides with mountains | Orographic |
| The amount of energy released or absorbed during a change of state | Latent Heat |
| Caused by the Earth's tilt | Seasons |
| Mass per volume | Density |
| Major oceanic circulations | Gyres |
| Utilized by sailors to travel across the oceans | Trade Winds |
| Occurs every 5-7 years, affects weather worldwide | El Niño |
| As one moves South to North in N. America, temperature _________. | Decreases |
| Water expired by plants | Transpiration |
| The movement of molecules from high to low concentrations | Diffusion |
| Fish that uses bioluminesence | Anglerfish |
| Area where salt and freshwater meet | Estuary |
| Occurs when a lake's upper layers become colder than the deep layers | Fall Turnover |
| Highly productive areas on western sides of continents | Upwellings |
| Organism that uses cohesion and water tension to move across water surfaces | Water Strider |
| Color that travels the deepest through water | Blue |
| Acts as both an insulator and buoyancy agent | Fats |
| Water is more dense at ________ degrees Celsius | Four |
| The pH scale measures ________ concentration | Hydrogen Ion |
| The movement of water through the soil | Infiltration |
| Type of surface that increases runoff in urban areas | Impermeable |
| Insect that is flattened due to living mainly in fast moving stream | Mayflies |
| As temperature decreases, the ability of water to hold oxygen ________. | Increases |
| Greek for layering | Lentic |
| Fish that has been affected by removing trees along streams | Trout |
| Aquifer that spans several states | Ogallala |
| A substance that is dissolved | Solute |
| The configuration of ice that makes it less dense than water | Open Lattice |
| Soils with permafrost | Gelisols |
| Largest of the soil particles | Sand |
| Common response of leaves when faced with dry seasons | Wilting |
| Metal found in high amounts in the soils of Tropical Rainforests | Aluminum |
| Man-made cause of salinization | Irrigation |
| Parent material of soil | Regolith |
| Soil horizon that accumulates minerals from the upper layers | B Horizon |
| The loss of water, is probably the greatest constraint imposed by terrestrial environments | Dessication |
| Chemical weathering between the minerals in a rock and the hydrogen in water | Hydrolysis |
| Pigment that allows a plant to perceive shading by other plants | Phytochrome |
| Refers to water that can no longer penetrate the saturated soil | Runoff |
| These creatures have a wax coating to prevent drying out | Insects |
| Aquatic plant that lacks structural support and therefore would collapse if put on land. | Kelp |
| M^2 leaf area divided by m^2 ground area | Leaf Area Index |
| Influences the vertical distribution of light through the canopy but also the total amount of light absorbed and reflected | Leaf Angle |
| As you move from the surface to the canopy, light _________. | Increases |
| Refers to water that is stringly bonded to soil particles | Hygroscopic |
| Soils found at the Equator | Oxisols |
| Determined which finches survived during a major drought on Daphne Major | Beak Size |
| From the North to South, the gradual change of this is seen in deer | Skull Size |
| Insect legs used for digging | Fossorial |
| Animal that would not survive without human intervention | Bulldog |
| Different forms of genes | Alleles |
| An example of negative selection | Peacocks |
| Random fluctuations in the frequency of the appearance of a gene in a small isolated population, presumably owing to chance rather than natural selection | Genetic Drift |
| Coloration in horses due to codominate traits | Roan |
| Due to excessive hunting, this animal has a very limited genepool | Cheetah |
| The physical expression of the genotype | Phenotype |
| Transfer of genes from one population to another of the same species, as by migration or the dispersal of seeds and pollen | Gene Flow |
| The pair of alleles at a given site determines an individual's ________. | Genotype |
| Type of selection that is human driven, not always in the best interest of organism | Artificial |
| Type of selection that shifts towards one extreme | Directional |
| Populations of species that are distinguishable by one or more characteristics | Subspecies |
| Caused by overuse of antibiotics | MRSA |
| Heritable trait that develops in response to environmental conditions | Adaptation |
| Insect who's darker coloration meant survival during the Industrial Revolution | Peppered Moth |
| A population adapted to its unique (often abrupt) local environmental conditions | Ecotype |
| Example of an offspring that can not reproduce | Mule |
| ________ radiation is the process in which one species gives rise to multiple species that exploit different features of an environment (food, habitat) | Adaptive |
| Defined as the passing of genes onto the next generation in a way that they too can pass those genes on | Fitness |
| Can be a major factor in phenotype evolution | Predation |
| Beetle that is very fast on its cursorial legs | Tiger Beetle |
| Speciation due to geographic isolation | Allopatric |
| All of the DNA in a cell | Genome |
| Two copies of the same allele (gene) | Homozygous |
| Kinds of plants found in hot, dry areas | Succulents |
| Tree with a double compound leaf | Honey Locust |
| Locally found cacti | Prickly Pear |
| Trees that have pneumatophores | Mangroves |
| When photosynthesis equals respiration is called light ________ point | Compensation |
| As soil water decreases, stomata _________. | Close |
| All life is made up of this | Carbon |
| Photosynthesis minus respiration | Net Photosynthesis |
| Overloading in light processes | Photoinhibition |
| Photosynthesis makes these | Simple Sugars |
| Enhances electron transfer from water to chlorophyll | Chlorine |
| Plants that do leaf curling to minimize water loss | Rhododendrons |
| Plants in water that contain high amounts of salts | Halophytes |
| Can reduce the boundary layer | Heat |
| Water pressure inside the cells | Turgor |
| _______ Deciduous trees drop leaves during dry seaons | Drought |
| Chemotrophs use this as a source of energy | Methane |
| Nutrients only needed in minute amounts | Micronutrients |
| Openings on leaf surface | Stomata |
| Leaves located at the bottom of a tree tend to be ________. | Broader |
| Medical use for supercooling | Transplants |
| Specialized circulatory to maintain heat or even decrease heat | Rete |
| The lungs and circulatory system increases this for optimal oxygen intake | Surface Area |
| Some marine animals store this to increase buoyancy | Lipids |
| Pouch attached to colon where fermentation occurs | Caecum |
| Grinding organ in birds | Gizzard |
| Insect that sucks on plant sap | Aphids |
| Higher internal salt concentration than surrounding water | Hyperosmotic |
| Animal that does not hibernate | Black Bear |
| Organisms that east dead organic matter | Detritivores |
| Secretes melatonin | Pineal Gland |
| Flattened plated on the gill filaments | Lamellae |
| Type of browser found locally | Deer |
| Animal able to freeze solid | Wood Frogs |
| Feeds on nectar | Nectivores |
| Bird that needs to do torpor because of high metabolism | Hummingbird |
| Mechanism to heat up muscles | Shivering |
| Plays a role in conductivity | Insulation |
| Period of suspended growth | Diapause |
| Foot feature common on ruminants | Two Toed |
| Eating fecal matter | Coprophagy |
| Body temps vary with outside temps | Poikilothermy |
| How physiological and morphological features change as a function of body size | Scaling |
| Holes on the sides of insects for air flow | Spiracals |
| Regurgitated plant matter by ruminants | Cud |
| Reptiles laying in the sun | Basking |
| Plant that is dioecious | Holly Trees |
| Sperm or egg | Gametes |
| Organisms that do penis fencing | Flatworms |
| Form of sexual reproduction which the ovum develops w/o fertilization by a male | Parthenogenesis |
| Ectothermic animals that do not have set adult size (grow entire lives) | Snakes |
| ________ timing prevents self-fertilization | Asynchrondistic |
| Reproduction part of earthworm | Clitellum |
| Common occurrence in hyena young | Siblicide |
| One female, many males | Polyandry |
| Fish that has sneaker males | Blue Gills |
| Insemination that involves the penis being forced through the abdomen | Tramatic |
| Young born helpless | Altrical |
| Underground stems that give rise to new roots and stems | Rhizomes |
| Sound created by the woodcock as it does its aerial display | Wingwhir |
| Intersexual selection drove this bird to be bright blue and have a large tail | Peacock |
| Decorates his lek with blue objects | Bower Birds |
| Male flowers on a Birch tree | Catkins |
| Bird associated with precocial chicks | Turkey |
| Attribute associated with intrasexual selection | Antlers |
| Term use for offspring form asexual reproduction | Clones |
| Type of mammal that practices monogamy | Foxes |
| Can produce 2x as many offspring than an unisexual organism | Hermaphrodites |
| Younger trees put more energy towards this than reproduction | Growth |
| The weed that "ate the south" | Kudzu |
| The ________ grows into a genetically unique organism | Zygote |
| Place where Monarchs migrate to | Mexico |
| Organism that reproduce asexually by ramets | Coral |
| Coral is in a symbiotic relationship with this | Alga |
| Areas where the human population has a high density | Cities |
| Its seeds can "crawl" | Wild Geranium |
| Term used for plants and animals that arrive from other countries and cause ecological problems | Invasives |
| It may be daily or seasonal, short or long range | Migrations |
| Clonal colony of a single male Quaking Aspen (Populus termuloides) tree located in the U.S. state of Utah | Pando |
| Insect waste | Frass |
| Most common distribution, results from patchy resources, social groupings, ramet dynamics | Clumped |
| Seeds that float | Coconuts |
| Name for animal waste | Scat |
| Collection of local subpopulations | Metapopulations |
| When an individual moves out of a subpopulation | Emigration |
| Modules produced asexually by the genet are _______ | Ramets |
| Decline in either reproduction or survival under conditions of low population density | Allele Effect |
| Age specific account of mortality | Life Table |
| Example of Allele effect | Passenger Pigeon |
| Example of Survivorship II curve | Gray Squirrel |
| A population is said to be this when no immigration or emigration occurs | Closed |
| Type of survivorship when large amounts of young were created, but only a few survives | Type 3 |
| A group of individuals born in the same period of time | Cohort |
| Example of type I survivorship curve | Humans |
| Gross Reproductive Rate is interested in the number of ________ born over a females lifetime | Females |
| The leaving of an area or population | Emigration |
| Bird who rebounded from the brink of extinction | Whooping Crane |
| Animal that mean age of reproduction of females was delayed due to body size | Harp Seal |
| The progressive decline in density and increase in growth by density dependent mortality and growth | Self-Thinning |
| Example of this competition includes grazing animals eating the resources | Exploitation |
| As populations increase the occurrence of _______ increases | Disease |
| Type of competition when some individuals claim the resources while others are denied | Contest |
| The area that an animal normally uses during the year | Home Range |
| These animals have a very large home range | Wolves |
| Term for the dominant individual | Alpha |
| This can result in decreased births and increased infant mortality | Stress |
| An example of a density independent factor | Oil Spill |
| This organism emits a pheromone to prevent the other individuals | Queen Bee |
| Ectothermic example of density dependent growth | Tadpoles |
| Among mice, this byproduct can trigger delayed puberty | Urine |
| The placement of these are a type of interference competition | Nesting Sites |
| Increasing patch size increases the potential for environmental ________ | Heterogenity |
| Type of tree that is an angiosperm | Maples |
| Virus that indirectly affect the population of the Skipper Butterfly | Myxomatosis |
| The ability of individuals to disperse between habitats is directly related to their degree of ________ | Isolation |
| How areas get recolonized after local population collapses | Dispersal |
| Element of the unknown | Stochasticity |
| ________ that functions as the main source of emigrants to smaller satellite populations | Sink Population |
| The establishment of habitat _________ is considered one of the best ways to increase connectivity and ensure dispersal and gene flow among the local populations | Corridors |
| Is a population consisting of many local populations | Metapopulation |
| The breakup of a continuous habitat | Fragmentation |
| The risk of local extinction ________ with decreasing patch size | Increases |
| _________ dynamics of local populations is a key factor in the persistence of a metapopulation | Asynchronous |
| _________ competition is a relationship that affects the populations of two or more species adversely | Interspecies |
| Invasive tree that does overgrowth competition | Tree of Heaven |
| Organism that can handle that stress of salt marshes | Fiddler Crab |
| Climate variations can function as a density-______ limitation on population density | Independent |
| A species' ________ niche is the full range of conditions and resources under which it can survive and reproduce | Fundamental |
| The _________ niche is the portion of the fundamental niche that the species actually exploits | Realized |
| Barberry does this to prevent competition to eliminate competition for its seeds | Allelopathy |
| _______ are two species that live in the same place and have exactly the same ecological requirements | Complete Competitors |
| Bird types often associated with resource partitioning | Warblers |
| Animal that is an enemy to lions | Hyenas |
| Organism that is associated with preemptive competition | Barnacles |
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capnkumo
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