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Duncan Bio Ch 15-16
Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is credited with forming the modern ideas about evolution? | Charles Darwin |
| Darwin used which process to explain how organisms evolve over time? | Natural Selection, or survival of the fittest. |
| Darwin sailed around the world on a ship called _________. | The HMS Beagle |
| Darwin stopped at a group of islands off the coast of South America called ___________, where he studied the many unique species that lived there. | Galapagos Islands |
| What is fitness? | how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment |
| What is survival of the fittest? | When the fittest organisms survive and reproduce, passing on their genes and thus their traits |
| What is natural selection? | When the fittest organisms survive and reproduce, passing on their genes and thus their traits |
| what is an adaptation? | a characteristic (physical trait or behavior) that allows an organism to better survive in their environment. |
| If the environment changes, are the same adaptations going to make an organism fit to survive? | no--adaptations are specific to each environment/situation. If the environment/situation changes, different traits will be more favorable for survival. |
| List 5 types of evidence for evolution | fossils, dna, embryology, geology, homologous structures |
| what 2 scientists who studied geology influenced Darwin's ideas about evolution? | Hutton and Lyell--the earth is very old and is constantly changing |
| what are fossils? | preserved remains of organisms |
| What is an example of homologous structures? | The forearms of many vertebrate animals like humans, frogs, birds, dogs has a similar bone structure and indicates a common ancestor |
| What can DNA tell about evolution? | Organisms with similar DNA sequence have a common ancestor |
| What is embryology? | the study of embryos-similar embryonic structures indicate common ancestor. |
| Who is Lamarck? | An early evolution scientist who influenced Darwin's ideas. |
| What were Lamarck's ideas about evolution? | Organisms can change their traits if they want to, use or disuse of traits can change organisms features, acquired traits can be passed to offspring |
| Were most of Lamarck's ideas correct or incorrect? | Most of his ideas were incorrect |
| Why is variation important to evolution? | Variation gives a population a wide range of each trait, which allows for the population as a whole to better survive the changing conditions of the environment |
| Why are mutations important to evolution? | Every once in a while, mutations (changes in DNA) can occur that give organisms a survival advantage. If the mutation is heritable (in gamete), that beneficial trait is passed on to offspring and over generations can become more common in a population. |
| Are mutations always beneficial for evolution? | Not always, non-beneficial mutations, or lethal mutation |
| what is a gene pool? | The total combined genetic information of an entire population |
| What happens to the genes of a population during evolution? | The gene frequencies of beneficial alleles increase (become more common) over time, while the gene frequencies of less beneficial traits decrease over time |
| What is speciation? | The process that makes new species. |
| What is the key to speciation? | Separation of a population over long period of time, so that they no longer breed with each other (separate gene pools) |
| What are the different kinds of isolation that can lead to speciation? | Geographic isolation: separated by a physical earth feather Temporal isolation: reproduce at different times Behavioral isolation: different mating behaviors |
| How long is geologic deep time? | ~4.6 billion years |
| What was the first organism to evolve on the earth? | Bacteria |
| What is the oldest ancestor of modern humans called? | Australopithecus afarensis ~3.6 mya |
Created by:
msduncan
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