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Microbio Exam II

Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
an organic acid containing an amino group & carboxyl group; building blocks of proteins amino acid
3 base sequence in tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon linking each codon to its corresponding amino acid anticodon
largest group of living organisms; jointed, continuous exoskeleten, segemented body arthropod
a virus that infects bacteria bacteriophage AKA phage
autotroph; obtains energy by oxidizing simple inorganic substances like sulfides & nitrites chemolithotroph AKA chemoautotroph
3 bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid in the translation processcodon codon
transfer of genetic info from one bacterial cell to another by means of specialized pili conjugation
club-shaped, irregular, non-poreforming, Gram +, rods; cause diphtheria Corynebacteria
DNA repair by enzymes; excise defective nucleotide sequences & replace w/DNA complementary to the unaltered strand dark repair
formation of new DNA molecules DNA replication
circular in Prokaryotes, threadlike molecule of DNA chromosome
double chain of nucleotides, each nucleotide= a sugar, a phosphate, & a base (A,G,T, or C) DNA
genetic info contained in the DNA of the organisms genotypes
mutations change the ____________ genotype
refers to the specific characteristics displayed by the organism phenotype
F pilus a bridge formed from an F1 cell to an F2 cell for conjugation
kingdom of non-photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms; absorb nutrients from their environment fungi
linear sequence of DNA nucleotides that form a functional unit within a chromosome or plasmid gene
the one-to-one relationship between each codon and a specific amino acid genetic code
the complete set of genetic information for an organism or a virus genome
worm with bilateral symmetry helminth
repair of DNA unique to prokaryotes; breaks covalent bond between thymine molecules light repair
aerobe/facultative anaerobe form irregular clusters by dividing into 2 or more planes; yellow & can be found on skin Micrococcus
permanent alteration in an organisms DNA mutation
slender, acid-fast rods, often filamentous; cause TB, leprosy, & chronic infections Mycobacterium
"other-feeding" the use of Carbon atoms from organic compounds for the synthesis of biomolecules heterotrophy
nuclear region where the DNA is located in a Prokaryote nucleoid
organic compound consisting of a nitrogenous base, 5C & 1 or more phosphate groups nucleotides (A,C,T,G)
organism that live in or on & at the expense of, another organism, the host parasite
obtains energy from light phototroph
extracellular DNA, isn't necessary to cell existence; can be transferred to another cell plasmid
mutation in which 1 base is substituted for another at a specific location in a gene point mutation
infectious particle of protein & no DNA prion
pleomorphic, irregular, non-sporing, Gram + rods Proprionibacterium
single-celled, microscopic, animal-like protists in the Kingdom Protista protozoa
site for protein synthesis consisting of RNA & protein, located in the cytoplasm ribosome
new DNA double helix is synthesized from one strand of parent DNA & one strand of new DNA semiconservative replication
synthesis of RNA from a DNA template transcription
organism that feeds on dead or decaying matter saprophyte
slightly motile aggregation of cells pseudoplasmodium
transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another by bacteriophage transduction
synthesis of protein from information in mRNA translation
type of RNA that transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes for placement in a protein molecule tRNA
organism that transmits a disease causing organism from one host to another vector
some viruses have a surrounding lipid bilayer membrane viral envelope
infectious RNA particle, smaller than a virus & lacking a capsid viroid
protein coating of a virus capsid
Created by: MKC
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