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Microbio Exam II

QuestionAnswer
The triplet of nucleotides in tRNA that identifies the specific amino acid by the RNA anticodon
Extracellular piece of DNA plasmid
The triplet of nucleotides in mRNA for a specific amino acid codon
RNA that carries information from DNA in nucleoid to the ribosome mRNA
the complete set of genetic information for a cell genome
RNA that brings specific amino acids to the ribosome tRNA
Science that deals with the analysis of a DNA analysis genomics
Sequence of nucleotides in DNA that code for single gene product gene
RNA that composes part of the ribosome rRNA
In the prokarotic cell, where does DNA replication occur? the nucleoid
What is the purpose of DNA replication? copy DNA
When does DNA replication occur? during binary fission
What is binary fission? Process in which a bacterial cell duplicates its components and divides into 2 cells
What is semiconservative DNA replication? New DNA double helix synthesized from one strand of parent DNA & one strand of new DNA
Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template transcription
Synthesis of protein from information in mRNA translation
Where does transcription occur? in the nucleoid
Why does transcription occur? Copy a gene and create mRNA
1 gene = 1 protein
Where does translation occur? in the cytoplasm
Why does translation occur? assemble amino acids while making proteins
2 adjacent pyrimidines (esp. thymine) bonded together in a DNA strand preventing base pairing during replication, therefore causing a gap in the replicated DNA thymine dimer
Repair of dimer unique to prokaryotes, covalent bond between thymine molecules is broken Light repair
Repair of dimer where thymine dimer is excised and replaced Dark repair
Prokaryote shape descriptors cocci, bacilli
Anaerobic metabolism of the pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis fermentation
Process organisms use to gain energy from catabolism of organic molecules bia Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation aerobic respiration
lactic acid bacteria, Clostridium, Proprionibacterium anaerobic chemoorganotroph: fermentation
nitrifiers aerobic chemolithotrophs
Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium aerobic chemoorganotrophs: obligate aerobes
Corynebacterium, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia aerobic chemoorganotrophs: facultative anaerobes
Bacteria are prokaryotes/eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Appear green; an opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas
Appear yellow; can inhabit the skin Micrococcus
Causes diphtheria Corynebacterium
Comoponents of fertilizer nitrifiers
Causes tetanus and botulism Clostridium
Ferments milk products, Ex. yogurt lactic acid bacteria
Causes tuberculosis and Hansen's disease Mycobacterium
Produces Swiss cheese Proprionibacterium
resides in the intestinal tract of humans Proteus, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Enterobactero, Salmonella, Shigella
For bacteria, a species is regarded as: a collection of strains that share many common features & differ significantly from other strains.
Unicellular, huge variety-not photosynthetic Protozoa
Examples of Protozoa Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Giardia
Trypanosoma causes African sleeping sickness
Plasmodium causes malaria
Uni- or multicellular, parasitic saprophytes Fungi
Examples of Fungi Candida, Tinea, molds, mushrooms, yeasts
Candida causes yeast infection
Tinea causes athletes foot & ringiworm
Multicellular parasites Arthropods (Insects) or Helminths
Examples of Arthropods Flies, fleas, mosquitos, ticks, lice
Examples of Helminths Roundworms, flukes, Tapeworms
Cestodes Tapeworms (Taenia)
Trematodes Flukes
Nematodes Roundworms (pinworms)
Pediculus lice
Created by: MKC
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