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Male Reproductive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Seminiferous tubules | Actual site of sperm production |
| Efferent ductules | On the path of sperm leaving testes, takes sperm from seminiferous tubules to epididymis |
| Vas deferens | Made of smooth muscle to contract and helf expel semen |
| Spermatic cord | Takes sperm along with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves from the epididymis to the pelvis |
| Ejaculatory duct | Vas deferens and Seminal vesicle join to make this |
| Functions of semen | 1. Give sperm a medium to travel in 2. Neutralize the acidic environment of the Urethra and Vagina 3. Supply sperm with food 4. Dissolve the mucus of the uterine cervix so sperm can enter 5. Stimulate reverse peristalsis of the uterus |
| How is erection achieved | 1. During arousal the arterioles in the corpora cavernosa and spongiosum dilate 2. The corpora, MAINLY cavernosa expand 3. Expanded arterioles block venules from draining the penis and an erection occurs |
| Bulb of the penis | Attaches the penis to the urogenital diapragm muscle and contracts rapidly during ejaculation |
| Crura | Anchor the penis to the pubis |
| sperm produced daily | 400 Million |
| When does spermatogenesis begin? | puberty |
| What hormones are necessary in spermatogenesis? | LH and FSH |
| LH | binds to the interstitial cells of Leydig, causing them to release testosterone |
| FSH | causes the sustenacular cells to be receptive to testosterone |
| Steps Type B cell undergoes to become sperm: | 1. Type B cell undergoes meiosis and becomes a primary spermatocyte 2. Primary Spermatocyte undergoes meiosis to become TWO secondary spermatocytes 3. The two secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II to become FOUR spermatids |
| What is the purpose of Sustenacular cells? | surround the spermatogonia and deliver them nutrients, move them along toward the lumen, and bind testosterone from the interstitial cells of Leydig to stimulate spermatogenesis |
| Acrosome | Covering on Spermatids’ head full of enzymes to enable fertilization Purpose: Prevents sperm from dissolving anything it comes into contact with |
| How do sperm leave the testes? | 1. seminiferous tubules 2. tubula rectus 3. rete testis 4. efferent ductules 5. epididymis 6. vas deferens 7. urethra |
| seminal vesicles | Semen containing: 1.Fructose and ascorbic acid- food 2.Fibrinogens- causes semen to clot to stick to vagina and cervix 3.Prostaglandins- stimulate vaginal peristalsis and dissolve the cervical mucus |
| prostate gland | semen containing: 1.Citrate- food 2.Buffers- to reduce the acidic environment sperm have been traveling in and wake them up 3.Prostaglandins- stimulate vaginal peristalsis and dissolve the cervical mucus |