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Daniels random 4
Week 2 continued
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tx of coag negative staph | vancomycin and rifampin or gentamycin note: it is methicillin resistant, usually |
| SSSS effects what layer | S. granulosum |
| normal pressures in heart | RA= 5 RV = 25/5 PA = 25/10 LA = 10 LV = 125/10 A = 125/75 |
| endometroid cyst | chocolate cyst when filled with blood |
| dermoid cyst | mature teratoma |
| hemorrhagic cyst | 1. blood vessel rupture in cyst wall 2. growth with increased blood retention -> self resolves |
| theca lutein cyst | 1. often bilateral/multiple 2. due to gondatotropin stimulation 3. assocaited with choriocarcinoma and moles |
| foscarnet | pyroFOSphate analog -> DNA polymerase inhibitor 2. CMV retinitis when ganciclovir fails (neutropenia) 3. nephrotoxicity -> decreased Ca, decreased Mg -> seizures |
| terbinafine | inhibits the fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase |
| use of terbinafine | dermatophytosis -> esp onchomycosis |
| terbanifine SE | LFT, visual disturbances |
| how do enterococci confer resistance to aminoglycosides? | transferase enzymes that inactivate the drug by acetylation, phosphorylation, or adenylation |
| HIV in fetus can present how? | oral thrush, interstitial pneumonia, lymphopenia |
| maternal prophylaxis with ziduvodine - NRTI | HIV prevention in fetus |
| corpus luteum cyst | hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum regresses spontaneously |
| sarcoma botyroides | variant of rhabdomyosarcoma girls under 4 years spindle shaped cells, desmin + |
| follicular cyst | unruptured graafian follicle hyperestrinism, endometrial hyperplasia most common ovarian mass in young women |
| choriocarcinoma | trophoblastic tissue; chorionic villi are not present |
| increased frequeny of theca lutein cyst | choriocarcinoma |
| spreads to lung | choriocarcinoma |
| schiller duval bodies resemble glomeruli | yolk sac tumor |
| yellow friable solid mass | yolk sac tumor |
| benign, and unilateral bladder like coffee bean nuclea | brenner tumor |
| pale yellow tan in color and appears encapsulated | brennor tumor |
| Meig's syndrome | ovarian fibroma, ascitis, hydrothorax |
| granulosa cell tumor histo | call exner bodies - small follicles filled with eosinophilic secretions - secretes estrogen |
| fried eggs | oligodendroglia on H &E |
| what antibiotic can cause disulfiram like effects? | metronidazole, procarbazine (alkylating agent), cephalosporin, 1st gen sulfonylurea (tolbutamide, chlorpromazine) |
| von Gierke's | increased blood lactate decreased glucose 6 phosphatase |
| Cori's | normal blood lactate decreased debranching enzyme (alpha 1,6 glucosidase) gluconegenesis intact |
| how to treat severe grave's ophthalmopathy | corticosteroids -> decreased inflammatory infiltration |
| methadone benefits | decreased withdrawal used for treating heroin abuse potent, long half life good oral ovailability |
| buspirone | generalized anxiety stimulates serotonin receptor 1. does not cause sedation, addiction, tolerance does not interact with alcohol (vs. barbiturates and benzos) |
| hippocampus lesions | anterograde amnesia -> no new memories |
| muscles of thenar | abductor pollicis opponens pollicis flexor pollicis |
| hypothenar | abductor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi OAF - oppose abduct flex |
| median nerve | all C5-T1 "ape hand" -> thenar atrophy, decreased thumb opposiobility pope's blessing ulnar deviation of wrist on flexion |
| radial nerve | C5-T1 extension bradioradialis supinator triceps BEST posterior arm dorsal hand and thumb |
| pure red cell aplasia | thymoma parvovirus B19 |
| tx for orotic aciduria | oral uridine |
| measurement of which electrolyte in the urine helps determine the cause of metabolic alkalosis? | Cl- determining volume status is important also |
| what can cause nipple inversion and retraction of skin | Cooper's ligmanet infiltration by invasive breast cancer |
| mucinous cystadenocarcinoma | pseduomyxoma peritonei - intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material from ovarian or appendiceal tumor |
| what do penicillins and cephalosporins bind? | Penicillin binding proteins such as transpeptidases |
| tx of severe RSV bronchiolitis | Ribaviron - nucleoside analog also used for Hep C |
| Li fraumeni syndrome | AD p53 mutation increased cancers |
| acid labile picornaviradae virus - not an enterovirus | rhinovirus |
| Other than histamine, what is a more specific cell marker of mast cell degranulation? | tryptase |
| thiamine is a cofactor for which 3 enzymes | pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase transketolase -> can be measured to diagnosed thiamine deficiency (HMP pathway) |
| 3 known host cell/virus binding | HIV gp120 -> CD4 Ebv gp350 -> CD21 (B cells) parvovirus B19 -> erythrocyte P antigen |
| what adverse effects of drugs like hydralazine, minoxidil, arteriolar vasodilators? | reflex tachycardia icnreased renin -> edema often given with sympatholytics and diuretics beta blockers |
| GFAP | astrocyte marker |
| what does warfarin inhibit? | epoxide reductase |
| what kind of dermatitis does poison ivy cause? | allergic contact dermatitis |
| reaction of poison ivy? | type 4 |
| PDA murmur maximally intense at S1 or S2? | S2 |
| what 2 locations cannot use ketone bodies for energy? | rbc (no mitrochondria), liver (lack the right enzyme) |
| CML vs. leukemoid reaction | CML - low alkaline phosphatase -> due to immature granulocytes LR - increased alk phosphatase -> mature cells |
| which 2 maneuvers increased venous return to heart? | lying down, end of valsava |
| decreased venous return to heart | standing valsava strain |
| oligohydramnios | placental insufficiency bilateral renal agenesis posterior urethral valves in male |
| fibroma | bundles of spindle shaped fibroblasts groin pulling sensation |
| Vit A overuse | arthralgias, fatigue, HA skin changes, alopecia sore throat HSM intracranial HTN visual changes teratogenic |
| what conditions can cause bell's palsy | AIDS Lyme Sarcoidosis Tumor diabetes herpes simplex |
| which muscles close jaw | medial pterygoid, masseter, temporalis |
| innervation of muscle that close jaw | v3 |
| priapism associated with | sickle cell drugs - trazadone alpha blockers cocaine PDE5 inhibitor anticoagulants trauma |
| papilledema | elevated optic disk with blurred margins bigger blind spot (hydrocephalus) |
| ADH nuclei | supraoptic |
| oxytocin nuclei | paraventricular |
| nucleus solitarius | CN 7,9,10 visceral sensory info taste, baroreceptors, gut distention |
| differential cyanosis | cyanosis only in lower body PDA (distal to subclavian) usually late onset shunt reversal |
| most likely outcome of Hep C | stable chronic hepatitis |
| presentation of Conn's syndrome | hypokalemia -> muscle weakness (hypokalemi paresis) hypokalemic alkalosis -> paresthesias |
| function of anterior hypothalamus | cooling, parasympathetic |
| posterior hypothalamus | heating, sympathetic |
| cerebellar vermis lesion | truncal ataxia, dysarthria |
| cause of MI death pre hospital | v-fib |
| cause of MI death in hospital | ventricular failrue |
| where does testes drain | para-aortic |
| prostate drain | internal iliac |
| bladder drain | superior = external iliac inferior = internal iliac |
| sigmoid colon | inferior mesenteric |
| more severe form of SJS | toxic epiermal necrolysis |
| what increases peripheral metabolism of levodopa | B6 |
| confers better prognosis in ALL | t(12,21) |
| ewing's sracoma | t(11,22) |
| what drains to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes | skin from umbilicus down except posterior calf (popliteal ) anus up to dentate line external genitalia |
| 3 drugs that can cause seizure | isoniazid imipenim buproprion |
| cause of preeclampsia | placental ischemia due to impaired vasodilation of spiral arteries -> increased vascular tone |
| preeclampsia | HTN, proteinuria, edema |
| mittelscherz | blood from ruptured follicle causes peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis |
| 8 graulomatous diseases | 1. fungi 2. Tb 3. sarcoidosis 4. crohn's 5. trepnema pallidum 6. berryliosis 7. bartonella henslae 8. leprosy |
| cachexia mediated by | IL6, TNF alpha, IFN gamma |
| in platelets conents of dense granules | ADP, calcium |
| in platelets contents of alpha granules | vWF, fibrinogen |
| pitching injury | infraspinatus |
| arm lateral rotators | infraspinatus, teres minor |
| medial arm rotators | subscapularis |
| arm adductors | subscapularis, teres minor |
| which antipsychotics improve both postiive and negative symptoms | atypical |
| unhappy triad | ACL Medial leminiscus MCL |
| 2 most common nongonococcal urethritis causes | CHlaymydia (has cell wall but no peptidoglycan) ureaplasma (no cell wall at all) |
| tx of chlamydia | azithromycin |
| nerves responsible for erection | pelvic (parasympathetic) |
| nerves responsible for emission | hypogonadotropic (sympathetic) |
| nerves responsible for ejaculation | pudendal (visceral and somatic) |
| gene mutations in alzheimer's early onset | APP (21) presenilin 1 (14) presenilin 2(1) |
| gene mutations in alzheimer's late onset | APO E4 (19) |
| which mutation is protective for alzheimers | APO E2 (19) |
| examples of cutaneous mycosis | pityriasis versicolor (malassezia furfur) dermatophytosis |
| examples of subcutaneous mycosis | sporthrix |
| exampels of systemic mycosis | histo, cocci, blastomycosis |
| opportunistic mycosis | mucor, rhizzopus, candida, aspergillus |
| legionella pneumophilia usual host | smoker |
| legionella pneumophilia presentation | high grade fever, diarrhea, HA, confusion, pneumonia symptoms |
| legionella pneumophilia labs | hyponatremia, gram negative rod |
| sputum sample of legionella pneumophilia | often absent |
| dx of legionella pneumophilia | urine antigen |
| fibrocystic breast disease tpyes | fibrosis - hyperplasia sclerosing - calcification, increases acini and intralobular fibrosis cystic - fluid filled blue dome epithelial hyperplasia - increased carcinoma risk w/ atypical cells; greater than 30 years of age |
| seminoma | painless, homogenous testicular enlargement large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm fried egg radiosensitive good prognosis |
| cerebellar input nerves | climbing mossy fibers |
| what tremor is associated with cerebellar dysfunction | intention tremor |
| which layer in acanthosis nigrans? | s. spinosum |
| lichin planus | purple, piuritic, polygonal, plaque, planar associated with hep C |
| myotonic dytrophy | CTG repeat myotonia gonad atrophy frontal balding cataracts |
| atrophy of what fibers for myotonic dystrophy? | type I fibers |
| how is ehec diff from other e. coli? | does not ferment sorbitol does not produce glucuronidase |
| PCOS tx | weight loss 2. OCP or medroxyprogesterone 3. clomiphine 4. spironolactone |
| pityriasis rosea | herald patch christmas tree distribution multiple papule eruptions remits spontaneously |
| patients with porcelein gallbladders are al increased risk of? | gall baldder cancer |
| how is porcelain gallbladder formed? | calcium laden gallbaldder in some patients with chronic cholecystitis |
| sertraline | SSRI sexual dysfunction as SE |
| what anticholinesterase can cross the bBB? | physostigmine what is it good for? reverse symptoms of atropine poisoning also for glaucoma |
| ALS defect | SOD1 |
| ALS tx | riluzole - decreased glutamate release |
| tx for TCA induced cardiac abnormalities (hypotension,increased QRS) | NaHCO3 |
| thoracic outlet syndrome | cervical rib compresses subclavian artery and inferior trunk -> klumpke's palsy |
| phenytoin tox | megaloblastic anemia gingival hyperplasia hirsutisim increased CP450 fetal hydrantoin SLE like NYSTAGMUS, diplopia ataxia sedation generalized lymphadenopathy (pseudolymphoma) |
| embryonal carcinoma | painful |
Created by:
ilovemusic007
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