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Evolution Key Terms
Tahtinen/Grunden- IB Biology HL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolution | The cumulative in inheritable changes that occur in a population over time. |
| Fossil | Any trace or remain of an organism that lived in the past. |
| Fossil record | Sequences of fossils which show the gradual change of an organism over time. Continuous fossil records are rare; most have large time gaps. |
| Selective breeding | A process where humans choose particular characteristics that are considered desirable and then breed those organisms with that characteristic. |
| Comparative anatomy | The study of different body structures of different species. |
| Homologous structures | Body structures with the same basic plan found in different organisms. It may or may not be used for different purposes by the different organisms. |
| Pentadactyl Limb | Found in amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, this is an example of a homologous structure as each group has the same basic plan though the dimensions of the bones or number of phalanges differ within each group. |
| Carrying capacity | The largest a population could grow and still be supported by the environment. |
| Natural selection | When organisms with favorable features survive and are able to reproduce, eventually changing the population so that the feature is more common. |
| Speciation | |
| Binomial nomenclature | A two-part naming system that used the genus and species to name an organism. (Genus + species) |
| Taxonomy | |
| Kingdom | |
| Phylum | |
| Class | |
| Order | |
| Family | |
| Genus | |
| Species | |
| Dichotomous key | |
| Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis | |
| RNA World Hypothesis | |
| Comet | |
| Meteorite | |
| Ribozyme | |
| Protobiont | |
| Coacervates | |
| Microspheres | |
| Liposomes | |
| Prokaryotic cells | |
| Eukaryotic cells | |
| Endosymbiotic Theory | |
| Heterotrophic | |
| Anoxic | |
| Oxic | |
| Allele frequency | |
| Gene pool | |
| Genetic drift | |
| Gene flow | |
| Geographic isolation | |
| Temporal isolation | |
| Behavioral isolation | |
| Hybrid infertility | |
| Polyploidy | |
| Autoploidy | |
| Alloploidy | |
| Allopatric speciation | |
| Sympatric speciation | |
| Parapatric speciation | |
| Adaptive radiation | |
| Convergent evolution | |
| Divergent evolution | |
| Parallel evolution | |
| Gradualism | Evolutionary change takes place slowly and gradually. Contrasts with saltation in which changes are sudden and extreme. |
| Punctuated equilibrium | |
| Directional selection | |
| Disruptive selection | |
| Stabilizing selection | |
| Polymorphism | |
| Transient polymorphism | |
| Balanced polymorphism | |
| Industrial melanism | |
| Absolute dating | |
| Radioactive dating | |
| Half-life | |
| Culture | |
| Genetic (biological) evolution | |
| Cultural evolution | |
| Hardy-Weinberg Law | |
| Hardy-Weinberg equation | |
| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | |
| Evolutionary clock | |
| Molecular clock | |
| Clade | |
| Cladistics | |
| Cladogram | |
| Homologous characteristic | |
| Analogous characteristic |
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arianaflores
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