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JC Human Reproductio
JC Human Reproduction year 9 revision for test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name two hormones produced in females and where are they produced? | Oestrogen and progesterone. In the ovaries. |
| Name one hormone produced by males and where is it produced? | Tetosterone.In the testes. |
| At what age range does menstruation occur? | From puberty (11 to 14 yrs) to menopause (45 to 55 yrs of age) |
| What is the function of the scrotum? | Outpouching of skin that contains both testes, can be moved closer & or farther from body to hep maintain temp suitable for sperm formation |
| What is the function of the testes? | Produce sperm & sex hormones. |
| What is the function of the penis? | Sexual intercourse organ. |
| What is the function of the urethra? | The tube that transports urine from the bladder through the penis. |
| What is the function of the seminal vesicle? | A pair of glands producing a sugar rich fluid that provides food for the sperm. |
| What is the function of the vas deferens(sperm duct)? | Tube connects the testes to the urethra. |
| What is the function of the uterus(womb)? | Is where the baby develops & is protected. It is a hollow ,muscular organ. It is able to enlarge in size. |
| What is the function of the vagina(birth canal)? | Muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside world. Also the passagway for menstral flow, sperm is deposited their, passageway for the birth of the baby. |
| What is the function of the cervix? | Muscular end of the uterus opening into the vagina. |
| What is the function of the ovaries? | Two flattened organs the produce an egg every 28 days. |
| What is the function of the fallopian tube(oviducts)? | Tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. The site of fertilization of the egg by the sperm. |
| What is menstruation(period)? | When the egg(ova) is not fertilized the inner layers of the uterus which have built up with blood & tissue break down & a produces a small flow of blood. |
| What is a zygote? | The fertilized ovum(egg). |
| What is the embryo? | Up to 2 months the growing the baby is called an embryo. |
| What is the placenta? | It is the link between mother & baby while the baby is in the uterus(womb). It carries food & oxygen from mother to the baby in the uterus(womb) & wastes back again. |
| What is the foetus? | After two months the baby is called the foetus. |
| What is the gestation period? | The period during which the growing baby is carried in the uterus(womb). |
| What is pregnancy? | The total time the baby spends in the uterus (also known as gestation). |
| What is ment by premature? | If the baby is born before 37 weeks. It usually requires extra care & assistance. |
| What is implantation? | When the embryo completely embeds itself in the uterus lining (endometrium). |
| What is the endometrium? | The lining of the uterus. |
| How many stages are their to labour & what are they? | Three.1)Cervix widens 2)Woman feels like she wants to push 3)Delivery of the baby & placenta. |
| What is a breech birth? | When the baby is born feet first rather than head first. |
| What is a caesarean birth? | When the doctors surgically remove the baby by cutting through the mothers abdomen to her uterus. |
| Define identical twins. | The fertilized egg splits into two & two foetuses develop into babies. These two babies will be the same sex & all other physical differences are the same. |
| Define fracternal(non-identical) twins. | Sometimes two eggs are produced & are fertilized by two sperm & non-identical twins result. They look as different as brothers & sisters born at different times & can be different sexes. |
| What is external fertilisation? | Animals that live in water & fertilisation occurs outside the body. Females unfertilized eggs are released into the water & fertilized by the male sperm which is also released into the water. |
| Give an example of an organism that undergoes external fertilization. | Fish & amphibians. |
| What is internal fertilisation? | The gametes are inside he body to reduce drying out & sperm are introduced to the female by copulation. |
| Give examples of animals the undergo internal fertilization. | Mammals, birds, reptiles. |
| Define pollination. | This occurs when pollen grains are transfered from the male part of the flower(anthers) to the female parts of the flower(stigma). In the process the pollen grains carry the male gametes to the ova. |
| What is the function of the anther? | It carries the pollen grains in a capsule. |
| What is the function of the filament? | It is a stalk that supports the anther. |
| What is the function of the stigma? | The top of the carpel(female part) is the sticky stigma ready to catch pollen grains. |
| What is the function of the style? | A tube that leads from the stigma to the ovary. Pollen travels down the style to the ovary. |
| What is the function of the ovary? | The ovary contains the ovules. Each ovule contains an ovum. |
| What is the name of the male parts of the flower? | The stamen-anther + filament |
| What is the name of female parts of the flower? | Carpel-stigma,style,ovary |
| Outline the role of the petals in a flower. | Petals are colourful parts of the flower inside the sepals. They help attract insects & birds. |
| Outline the role of the sepals. | The sepal are a ring of small leaf-like structures that protect the bud before the flower opens. |
| Name 2 benefits to using contraception. | Prevent unwanted pregnancy, condoms prevent STD's. |
| Name a problem of using contraception. | If you rely on hormone release you could end up pregnant. |
| Define AI(artificial insemination) reproduction technique. | This technique involves injection of sperm into the woman's uterus close to ovulation. |
| Define IVF(invitro fertilisation) technique. | In this technology, eggs are surgically removed using a needle;laproscope & forceps. Drugs allow several ova to be released at once. these are fertilized & may be frozen. |
| What is the endocrine system? | A systems of glands, each of which secreates a type of hormone directly into the blood stream to regulate the body. |
| What is conception? | The fusion of gametes to produce a new organism. |
| What occurs in budding? | This occurs in both single-celled & multicellular organisms. A bud grows off a prent to become a new individual. eg amoeba |
| What occurs in fission? | This occurs in single-celled organisms such as bacteria & protozoa. The parent cell simply divides into 2 equal parts, each of which develops into a new organism. |
| What occurs with spores? | On the underside of fern fronds there are a number of reproductive cells which will grow into new individuals. |
| What occurs in vegetative propagation? | A plant sends out shoots which will grow roots & develop into new plants e.g.strawberries. |
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James Cook Boys High
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