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AP II final 2012
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The root canal of a tooth contains | blood vessels and nerves |
| A new treatment for gastri ulcers is a drug that inhibits production of the HCL in the stomach. If a person took this medication for a long period, digestion of which of the following would be affected the most? | proteins |
| What is a function of the large intestine? | absorption of water and electrolytes |
| The effects of sympathetic nerve impulses on the alimentary canal are | inhibitory, or slow doen activity |
| The effects of parasympathetic nerve impulses on the alimentary canal are | stimulative, or cause increase in activity |
| The loss of teeth is most commonly associated with diseases of the | gums and dental pulp |
| poor nutritional statis of persons with limited economic resources is most likely related to a | excessive use of carbohydrates |
| In order to lose one pound of fat, a person't diet must provide a deficit of how many calories? | 3500 calories |
| night blindness is most likely to be caused by a deficiency of | vitamin A |
| which of the following is an example of a trace element? magnesium, sulfur, iron, chlorine | iron |
| which of the following provides a short term energy source after cellular glucose supplies are depleted? triglyceride, protein,glycerol,glycogen | glycogen |
| The countercurrent mechanism functions primarily in the | nephron loop |
| the largest quantity of hydrogen ions is secreted | actively into the proximal convoluted tubule |
| the primary stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone is | rising potassium concentration |
| if the reabsorption of sodium by the renal tuble is inhibited, the.... | osmotic pressure of the renal tubular fluid increases, reabsorption of water by the renal tubule decreases, and plasma volume decreases. |
| treatment for hypocalcemia | administering high doses of vitamin D |
| The _______ cartilage mark the lowermost portion of the larynx | cricoid |
| lipoprotein known as ______ reduces surfaced tension within the alveoli so that they so not collapse during exhalation | surfactant |
| The vocal cords are located within the | larynx |
| the respiratory membrane, across which gases diffuse, is very thin and is made up of ____ | alveolar cell membrane, capillary, and fused basement membranes |
| the intersity(volume) of a vocal sound is a result of the | force of air passing over the vocal cords. |
| which protein is the most important physiologically in the transport of carbon dioxide by blood | carbonic anhydrase |
| The right lung is composed of ______ lobes; the left lung is composed of_____ lobes | superior,middle,& inferior; superior and inferior |
| the procedure used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree is called | bronchoscopy |
| hyperventilation is most likely to be accompanied by a | decrease in blood CO2 concentration and a rise in PH |
| the basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by which portion of the brain? | ventral respiratory group of the medillary rhythmicity center |
| What would increase the rate of glomerular filtration? | increased blood pressure |
| Conscious control of mictutition involves inhibiting the mictution reflex by using nerve centers in the | brain stem and cerebral cortex |
| site of filtrate formation | glomerulus |
| structure that conveys the processed filtrate (urine) to the renal pelvis | collecting ducts |
| the reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the | proximal convoluted tubule |
| what is the purpose of the countercurrent mechanism in the nepheron? | it created a highly concentrated interstitial fluis so that urine can be concentrated by the collecting ducts when they are permeable to water |
| name the parts of a renal tunle in the correct sequence from the beginning to end | proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule |
| Correctly list the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron | calyx, renal pelvis, ureter,urinary bladder, urethra |
| a renal corpuscle includes the | glomerulus and glomerular capsule |
| Naormal constituents in urine | urea, uric acid, creatinine |
| Compared to males body fat who train for endurance events, females who train for such events typically... | maintain a higher percentage of body fat |
| one of the more common causes of female fertility is failure of ovulation due to hyposecretion of hormones from the .... | anterior pituitary gland |
| undifferentiated spermatogenic cells are called | spermatogonia |
| the last fluid to be expelled from the urethra during ejaculation comes from the | seminal vesicles |
| Male reproductive functions are controlled mainly by hormones from the hypothalamus, and | anterior pituitary gland and testes |
| Which of the following are unpaired? seminal vesicle, vas deferens, bulbourethral gland, prostate gland | prostate gland |
| in females, what structure is located immediately anterior to the vagina? | pubic symphysis |
| the cell commonly called the egg, or ovum, is more correctly called the | secondary oocyte |
| the most commonly used oral contraceptives contain | synthetic estrogen and progesterone |
| the cells of a blastocyst that give rise to the body of the developing offspring constitute the | inner cell mass |
| what provides the main source of energy for a newborn suring the first few days after birth? | fat |
| Following birth, bradykinin is released from the newborns lungs in response to | an increased concentration of oxygen and aortic blood |
| The placenta is composed of tissues from the | mother and embryo |
| a major diffenence between fetal blood flow and adult blood flow is that in the fetus | inferior vena cava contains blood high in oxygen |
| Which of the following adult structures is not derived from the same primary germ layer as the others? nerves, blood vessels, muscles,bones | nerves |
| the inner cell mass within a blastocyst is significant in that is | gives rise to the embryo |
| the placenta synthesizes progesterone from | cholesterol |
| following birth, the infants metabolic rate | increases and its oxygen consumption increases |
| the ductus arteriosus allows fetal blood to move from the | pulmonary trunk into the aorta |
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