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Bio Study Guide

First Midterm

TermMeaningTermMeaning
scientific method state hypothesis, plan studies (materials and methods), collect data, analyze results, state conclusion empirical provable or verifiable by experience of experiment
standard tools of measurement rulers, clocks, scale, radiation detector, thermometers, microscopes, telescopes. standardized 1800's objective can be repeated and has the ability to build on previous results
subjective each individual has a different opinion on the matter atoms smallest unit of an element that still retain the properties of the element
protons positively charged subatomic particles found in the nuclei electrons negatively charged subatomic particles located in the electron shells outside the nuclei
neutrons neutrally charged subatomic particle found in the nuclei electron shells spaces permit union of atoms
electron cloud new physics, an energy grid of probability (location of electron at any given time) innermost shell full at 2 only 2 electrons permitted in inner shell
outermost filled at 8 max of 8 electrons in outer shells ionic bond salts, weak, charged particles are near each other and join
covalent bond 2 atoms join, share electrons, hydrogen gas and water are examples hydrogen bond weak, positive-ish negative-ish charge
carbohydrates sugar, energy storage, carbon backbone, 2 = st storage 2+ = lt storage hydrolysis rxn separation of 2 carbs, reciprocal of condensation, h20 needed for rxn
condensation rxn water emitted, 2 carbs join carbon backbone ring of carbon atoms, present in all carb molecules
lipids hydrophobic, 3 fatty acid tails, located in cell membrane fatty acid tails composition determines if it is an oil or fat
phospholipids double layer present in cell membrane, lipid containing glycerol amino acids what composes proteins, helical or pleated in shape
proteins strings of amino acids, enzymes which make biochem happen, involved in cells structure, pigments and horomones nucleic acids 3 parts: sugar, phosphate and base. energy transmission, dna is example
cell membrane surrounds cell as barrier, regulator, communicator cell cytoplasm material contained within plasma membrane, exclusive of nuclei
nucleus membrane bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contain dna, similar to city hall lipid bilayer composed solely of carbon and hydrogen, makes lipids hydrophobic
endoplasmic reticulum factory to produce lipids golgi complex distributes molecules where they are needed throughout the cell
ribosomes factory to produce proteins lysosomes breaks down faulty molecules
mitochondria energy plants, convert sun's energy to ATP cytoskeleton gives cell structure, network of protein fibers in cytoplasm, holds and moves organelles
photosynthesis process of converting the sun's energy into glucose, energy and oxygen light-dependent rxn's occurs during photosynthesis in the chloroplasts, electron transport system and splitting h20, ATP and NADPH created
light-independent rxn calvin cycle, consumption of ATP and NADPH results in 1 molecule of glucose splitting the h20 molecule occurs during light depedent rxn
ATP energy package, used in cell respiration, major energy carrier NADPH energy package
Calvin cycle consumption of ATP and NADPH, gives 1 molecule of glucose, occurs in light indep rxn PGA consumed in Calvin cycle
PGAL consumed in calvin cycle RuBP consumed in calvin cycle
sun's energy + 6CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2 photosynthesis C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy cell respiration
glycolysis breakdown of glucose = 2 ATP 2 NADH 2 pryruvic acid NADH consumed in Krebs cycle
FADH2 consumed in Krebs cycle Pyruvic acid result of glycolysis 1) fermentation 2) lactic acid
fermentation when pyruvic acid is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide lactic acid pyruvic acid is converted to during glycolysis
Krebs cycle pyruvic acid is broken down, energy packages made temp, chem rxn creates energy, energy stored and moved via electron transport system then converted to ATP Electron transport system where NADH is converted to ATP
Created by: jcdavies
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